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THE UNDERGROUND RAILWAY SYSTEM

BY OLIVIA, JACK, OLIVER, AMELIA AND ABBEY
Photo by SCAD1

DESCRIPTION:
The Underground Railroad was the term used to describe a network of persons who helped escaped slaves on their way to freedom in the northern states or Canada.

Photo by i k o

WHEN WAS IT INVENTED AND BY WHOM?
A slave called Harriet Tubman escaped from the harsh slavery she grew up doing. With all the money she had earned throughout her life she purchased a small home in Auburn, New York that was good enough to live in, and better then her life as a slave. As soon as she was free she started her mission to free slaves from the hands of their owners. She went on 15 trips Southwards to lead the Blacks to freedom. She did this by organising the Underground Railway in the North and Canada with homes along the railway that were stations for the slaves to stop at. Harriet Tubman's house was one of the stations, along with Amy Post, Isaac Post and Fredrick Douglass.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Despite its name, the underground railway system was actually not underground or a railway system. It got its name because it's activites had to be carried out in secret. Railways terms were used simply to describe how the system operated. The Underground Railroad operated at night. Slaves were moved from "station" to "station" by abolitionists. These "stations" were usually homes and churches — any safe place to rest and eat before continuing on the journey to freedom. The network of routes extended through 14 Northern states and “the promised land” of Canada.

Photo by aresauburn™

WHERE DOES IT BEGIN AND WHERE DOES IT GO?
The Underground Railroad went north to freedom. Sometimes passengers stopped when they reached a free state such as Pennsylvania, New Jersey, or Ohio. After 1850, most escaping slaves traveled all the way to Canada. They had to go to Canada to make sure they would be safe.

Photo by alexindigo

WHO WAS INVOLVED?
The most important people involved in the development and the maintaining of this system was abolitionists. These were people who aided and assisted the slaves on their journey. Abolitionists were referred to as conductors. Conductors went to great lengths to ensure the safety of the escaping slaves and would often pretend to be the masters of the fugitives to avoid being caught.

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES:

HARRIET TUBMAN
Photo by pareeerica

EARLY LIFE:
Born in Maryland in the year 1820, Arminta Harriet Tubman (later changed to Harriet Tubman) was known as one of the most significant people in Black history, her contributions to the Underground Railroad are astounding and her mission simple and clear, rescue her family and others living in slavery. After the death of her owner, Harriet Tubman and her two brothers made for Philadelphia, after having second thoughts her brothers left leaving Harriet to journey to Philadelphia herself. She helped used the means of the network known as the Underground Railway to eventually end up in Philadelphia. She was finally free. Instead of her decision to stay safe in the North, she decided to save her family and slaves.

Photo by mbell1975

EXPLOITS IN UNDERGROUND RAILWAY:
In the December of 1850, Tubman got word of her niece Kessiah and her children were going it be sold at a Slave Auction, Kessiah and her family ended up being bought by Kessiah's free husband John Bowley. Tubman helped the family on the journey to Philadelphia. She soon got the nickname of Moses after leading so many slaves to freedom. In the April of 1858, Tubman was introduced to another abolitionist called John Brown, he thought the use of violence and destruction was justified to terminate slavery. They shared the same goals and worked together.

Photo by Marion Doss

Harriet Tubman was also relevant during the Civil War. She worked for the army as a nurse and cook and eventually got her status updated to an armed scout and also led the first exhibition during the war and rescued over 700 slaves.
She's known as an American hero by many, including Barack Obama and she had schools and homes named after her. Harriet Tubman passed away from pneumonia surrounded by loved ones in 1913.

Photo by DVIDSHUB

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES:

LEVI COFFIN
Photo by Cuyahoga jco

EARLY LIFE:
Born on October 28 1789 in New Garden, Guilford County, Levi Coffin is one of the notable members of the slave abolition movement. He grew up as a scholar, studying a lot and learning from his father. He then opened up a store with his wife. He and his wife found themselves on a route that slaves used to escape on and this soon inspired them to join the Underground Railroad and helped shelter slaves and assist them on their journey to freedom in Canada.

Photo by taberandrew

EXPLOITS IN UNDERGROUND RAILWAY:
He helped a lot of people during this time, and because of all the people he helped he eventually became the President of the Underground Railway and became a member of the Committee on Concerns of People of Colour to Consider Their Education and he was their treasurer. He began aiding any cause that he could, spending over $100,000 every single year to help all of the people he could.

Photo by Justin in SD

Legacy:
The Underground Railway was such an impactful thing on the history, freeing 100s of thousands of slaves that lived free and in peace. And the world would be a very different place today without their contributions, certain laws might not have been made, families and amazing people never conceived and these people changed the lives of many, in doing so they changed the world and had an impact on the way we see things today.

Photo by Leo Reynolds

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