WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

Early life
He was born about 1028 in Falaise ,Normandy
Illegitimate and only son of Robert The Magnificent (Robert II), duke of Normandy
Known as William the Conqueror, William the Bastard
And His mother was Herleva, daughter of Fulbert, she was most likely a local tanner
At the age of 7 he was Duke of Normandy
from 1035 to 1087

Duke of Normandy
William succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy at the age of seven in 1035 being a bastard child,William wasn't favored by the local barons,this led to anarchy
The Norman noblemen were trying to depose him as Duke, and three of William’s guardians were killed in the process.
In 1047, he defeated rebelling Norman barons in the battle of Val-ès-Dunes and united the Normandy 1053,In Alencon he had cut off citizens' hands and legs as revenge for the rebellion
he also married his cousin Mathilda (4 sons and 6 daughters)

Conquest of England
●1066, after the death of Edward the Confessor,there were three men who wanted control of England:
Harold Godwinson – Earl of Wessex, by the will of Edward, he was crowned king in January 1066
William II – Duke of Normandy - thought he was the rightful king of England (Edward was cousin of his father), Harold promised him the throne in 1064 (swore allegiance to William in Normandy)
Harald III – Viking King of Norway - Harold raised the army immediately after he took power and was awaiting the attack

Conquest of England
●Norman Invasion
●William began to create a new army (Normans, French mercenaries, many foreign knights)
●The army (600 ships and 7000 men) was waiting, the English channel was well-guarded by Harold
●September 8, Harold withdrew his army, because of falling morale and supplies
●September 25 – slaughterous battle of Stamford Bridge (Harold defeated Harald III with Tostig Godwinson)
Vikings were defeated
●September 28 – William landed in England and moved to Hastings

Conquest of England
●Battle of Hastings
Sept.27,1066-Norman fleet landed
William started to build castles in Hastings and Penvensey,where his army landed

King Harold heard about it 4 days later and immediately marched with his exhausted army 225 miles south to reach Hasting

Conquest of England
●Battle of Hastings
October 13 1066- The English army army arrived to Battle
October 14 1066AM – Normans attacked
Both armies counted about 7000 men
The Normans were in a bad position
But William had perfect tactics
William defeated the English army (Harold was shot by an arrow into his eye and died)

March to London
His army devastated the land,burned towns The english council Witan refused to surrender (Edgar Etheling), William marched to London, plundering the cities in his way
On December 25,Christmas!!!
Etheling escaped and William was crowned in Westminster Abbey

Conquest of England

●Against English resistance
●The south capitulated quickly to the Normans, but in the North the resistance continued until 1072
●The worst crisis came in 1068, Northumbria and Mercia,led by Etheling, revolted and the Scots and the Danes joined them
●The rebels besieged and captured York and the rebellion was spreading in whole England

Conquest of England
●Harrying of the North
●William dealed with the new waves of revolts in the West and moved to North
●He defeated Etheling, but he was very angry,so he decided to devastate Northumbria completely
●Burning houses, killing English men and animals
●Northumbria never rebelled again

Reign
Reign of terror
Many rebellions were punished
seized land giving to the Normans
Over 80 castles were built to enforce his laws
Reforms
Changes of the law
Murder was a crime
Slavery was abolished
New feudal system
Norman French language of upper class

●In 1086, the Domesday book was published (the first complete english land register)
This made taxing easier
Written in Latin
●Many castles and keeps (helped with revolts) throughout England, foundation of Tower of London
●The French replaced English for nearly 300 years
●He eliminated the English aristocracy in 4 years

Death, burial and succession
When William was besieging Mantes in 1087, he fell from a horse and cut his colon
After a few weeks , he died at the convent of St.Gervaise
Before his death, he divided his succession between his 3 sons:
Robert III – the oldest son got Normandy
William II – England
Henry I – he received 5000 silver pounds, after William’s death he became the English king…

AUGUST 18TH 😃✌️👐♌️

• 1936 - 106.5°F-Hottest afternoon ever in Iowa
• 1955 - -19] Hurricane Diane, kills 400 in US
• 1988 - Largest house (130 rooms) on Long Island sold for $22 million
• 1931 - Dick White, English footballer

December 12th 😍😘♐️

• First crusaders capture and plunder Mara Syria
• Battle at Nineveh: Byzantine emperor Hercalius beats Perzen
• 1995 - NBA referees return to work after striking
• 1982 - $9,800,000 in cash stolen from money transport car in NYC

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb 2014. .
• . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb 2014. .
• . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb 2014. .
• . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb 2014. .