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Published on Nov 20, 2015
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ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE
NATE G. JA'VON C. TANNER P.
Greeks had three different architectural ages. Each had their own style in building design. The way they built affected their lives and even ours today.
Columns on buildings were very common. Doric was a thick, plain pillar of stone. Ionic was thinner, but more decorated at the top of the building having simple patterns. Lastly, Corinthian style was the rarest and most decorated usually having leaves and vines with intricate designs. Stone, usually marble, wood, gold and ivory were typical building materials.
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THE ARCHAIC AGE
800-500 BC.
In the Archaic age, Doric and Ionic columns were very common. Most buildings had these types of columns and were rectangular in shape. Temples had a overhang at the entrance called a portico.Materials for most buildings included, stone, mainly marble, bronze, terra cotta, wood and ivory.
THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS
The Athenians wanted the greatest temple on earth and started construction in the 6th century B.C. It wasn't finished until Greece was conquered by the Roman Empire in the 2nd century.
Photo by Images George Rex
In this age, Corinthian columns were commonly used in Greece , but Ionic and Doric were still used. Acropolises sprang up around Greece. An acropolis was usually on a hill in the center of town. It had temples of worship and places for sacrifices so that all citizens could properly worship the gods.The most famous building in this age was the Parthenon. It was finished in 432 B.C. and was built with ivory, silver, gold and marble. It held a huge statue of the goddess Athena after which it's home city Athens was named.
THE HELLENISTIC AGE
330-0
During the Hellenistic age, Macedonia conquered Greece and continued to spread their empire so that Greek architecture spread throughout Egypt, Turkey, and Iraq. Few temples were built during this time, therefore, the column types still existed, but were not commonly used anymore. This period of time was when the first lighthouse was built in Alexandria, Egypt. It was needed because Alexandria had a very busy port.
The lighthouse was dedicated to the nine muses and was built on the island of Pharos. It took twenty years to complete, but when it was finished it stood an enormous 415 feet tall. It helped guide trade through the busy port until several earthquakes brought it under the sea.
Photo by Loco Steve
TOOLS OF ANCIENT GREECE
Some tools in Ancient Greece were the hand drill, used by cranking a lever to make holes in hard stone. Another tool was the hand rake, used to move rocks in personal gardens. The crane was first used in the late sixth century B.C., it allowed Greeks to lift heavy stones and build higher than before. Watermills were used to power gears which grinded grains. Greeks also used basic building tools invented in previous civilizations.
MODERN EFFECTS OF GREEK ARCHITECHURE
Greeks influenced us on how to design and build modern structures. Some version of their ancient tools are still used today such as a crane, drill and water power. It is easy to see the influence that Greeks had on our modern architecture.
BUILDINGS WITH THE INFLUENCE OF GREECE
U.S. SUPREME COURT BUILDING, WASHINGTON,D.C.
