VIDeo technolgy

the frame

• The 'Frame' is the box that contains your images
• Each frame is made up of 'Pixels'
• Pixels are tiny coloured squares
• More pixels means more definition

the frame

• The amount of pixels within the frame is called the resolution
• Resolution is measured using the width multiplied by the height
• Standard resolutions are defined by their height in pixels e.g 1080p

the frame

• Groups of 4
• Find the dimensions and calculate the total pixels
• 1080p
• 720p
• 576i (PAL)

the frame

• Standard Definition in Europe is PAL 576i
• Anything above this is classed as High Definition (720p and 1080p)
• High End Cameras and TVs can now record and view in UltraHD 2K and 4K
• No TV stations currently broadcast in UltraHD.

moving images

• Movement is created when the frame refreshes its pixels
• This occurs many times per second to fool your brain
• This is called 'Frame Rate' and is defined like this (fps = frames per second)

moving images

• In Europe TV runs at 25 fps
• In the US TV runs at 29.97 fps
• Analogue film runs at 24 fps
• Cameras can record in all these formats and more

moving images

• What is 'i' and 'p'?
• Cameras can record in all these formats and more
• Frames are scanned onto screens in two different ways
• 'i' stands for 'Interlaced'
• 'p' stands for 'Progressive'

moving images

• Discussion point
• 'i' stands for 'Interlaced'
• 'p' stands for 'Progressive'
• When filming for slow-motion or fast-motion it is important to shoot at high and low frame rates e.g 10fps/60fps
• Which frame rate would you use to record slow-motion and why?

broadcast

• Broadcast video is delivered to audiences in different ways
• The majority of broadcast video is received via Digital Terrestrial Broadcast
• Broadcasters send the digital video signal from a large antenna through the air to the aerials on our houses
• Quality is affected by distance from the antenn

broadcast

• Broadcast video can also be sent via satellites in space
• The video signal is transmitted to a satellite in space and bounced back to earth to be received by our satellite dishes
• The main satellite provider in the UK is SKY

broadcast

• Cable TV is broadcast via an underground cable
• This maintains video quality that is unaffected by weather
• The main UK cable provider is Virgin Media

broadcast

• Broadcast video can now be streamed 'On-Demand' via the internet
• This allows viewers to watch broadcast TV on any device that connects to the internet
• Quality depends on internet speed

video recording

• Video can be recorded at different qualities
• Consumer - e.g mobile phones
• Prosumer - e.g wedding videographer
• Professional - Broadcast Television/Film

video recording

• Digital images are scanned onto a censor within the camera
• The bigger the censor the more information it can record
• The more information the higher the quality
• The higher the qualit the larger the file size

video recording

• Why do consumers have cameras that shoot at lower quality to professionals?

video editing

• Video is edited with a piece of software called a 'Non-linear Editing System'
• Popular NLEs are Final Cut Pro, Avid, Premiere Pro, Vegas

video editing

• When a video file is played on a computer the data starts compressed and is then decompressed
• This is called a 'Codec'
• Some codecs compress lots - lower quality, lower file size
• And some codecs compress a little - higher quality, larger file size

video editing

• Cameras record the type of codec. Popular codecs are AVCHD and H.264
• These codecs are good for recording but not always good for editing
• If you change the codec this is called 'Transcoding

video editing

• Hardware is the physical attributes required to edit video
• In groups research and define these pieces of hardware
• RAID storage, VTR, Capture Card, Monitor Speakers, Colour Calibrated Monitor
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