PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Unit 1 vocabulary Haiku Deck
Abolitionist-During the Second great awakening in the 1800s, there were calls for reforms and movements such as the Abolition movement (1830s). Supporters of the Abolition movement are called abolitionists. They wanted to abolish slavery and the Atlantic Slave trade.
Separation of power - Baron de Montesquieu's idea of the separation of power directly influenced the US government. Today we have three branches of government, the Legislative, executive, and Judicial branches. Montesquieu states that the division of power keeps the branches in checks and balances.
enlightenment-An intellectual movement between the 17th and 18th century that followed the scientific revolution. It's also called the age of reason with ideas that heavily influenced the American Revolution, the constitution, and the declaration of independence.
poll taxes-Poll taxes are one of the Disenfranchisement keeping African Americans from being able to vote. Many African Americans can't afford the poll taxes. the literacy test and poll taxes can't stop white Americans from voting, especially with the Grandfather clauses. The Disenfranchisement is targeted toward African Americans.
great Compromise-In result of the disagreement in representation in congress (New Jersey Plan and Virginia Plan), congress would be slipt to the house of representatives and the Senate. Satisfying the states that wanted to have representatives based on population and those who wanted to have representation by state.
Monroe Doctrine-As the Americans believed in Manifest Destine for their expansion west, President Monroe issued a statement that states the Americas to be no longer open to claim (1823) to the other countries. This is partly in result in seeing the expansion of Russia in the Americas.
Natural Rights-According to John Locke's idea, everyone is born with their natural rights to life, liberty, and property. This idea was then used in the declaration of independence by Thomas Jefferson with the changes to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happinesss.
Freedmen's Bureau-an agency that helped freedmen in the south with finding jobs, providing them with shelters, education for African Americans, and food/clothing. At the time of the attempt to reconstruct the south, there were many who are unemployed, homeless, and hungry. The southern whites were not happy about the aid to the former Slaves.
Reconstruction-Is the rebuilding of the south after the civil war. Efforts were made through the Freedmen's Bureau to aid the freed African Americans. But the war left many in the south to be unemployed, hungry, and homeless. the proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction was also issued to forgive the citizens in the south. a shift from an agricultural-based economy to an industrial economy has also taken place due to the end to slavery (means no worker).
Federalism-is a principle of the constitution that replaced the article of confederation. Federalism strengthed the central government While maintaining the power of the state government. which is what the Article of confederation lacked. Federalists also favored the separation of power.
Dred Scott-He was a slave in a northern state where slavery was illegal. Scott then sued for his freedom. Which was unsuccessful. At the time, all the laws and ideals of rights and liberty only applied to the White. The enslaved Africans were viewed as properties that could be sold and owned.
Abraham Lincoln-He was the president during the Civil war and his election made the southerners feel threatened to keeping their "properties". Lincoln wanted to avoid war by promising to let the states with slavery keep slavery and pleaded for a reconciliation of the states.. But, the attack on Fort Sumter broke the last straw. As the War started in 1861, the Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Lincoln in 1862. stating that the slaves in the southern states are freed, marking the determination of the north to win the war.
Lord Baltimore-Founder of Maryland, a colony for catholic refugees. Maryland also passed a Toleration Act in 1646 that tolerates all Christians. This is why people may come to the 13 colonies for their search of religious freedom.
Declaration of independence-Written mainly by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration of Independence declared the reasons why the colonists are breaking away from British rule (1776). Hence declaring their independence and going into war with Britain (American REvolution). the ideas of the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in the declaration of independence were based on John Locke's Natural Rights. Which has the ideas of the rights to Life, liberty, and property.
Articles of Confederation-became The law of the land in 1781. it was replaced by the constitution for being too weak and ineffective. The articles of Confederation gave the states more power, resulting in a weak central government. One of the weaknesses is that congress can not tax, leading to debt.
Bill of Rights-the first 10 amendments. When ratifying the constitution, the anti-federalists were satisfied only with the addition of the bill of rights. As it protected and guaranteed certain personal freedom the anti-federalists were worried about losing.
Mormons-Are the followers of the Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day saints, founded by Joesph smiths. the Mormons were faced with harassment and persecution, so they fled to the west. The founder Joesph Smith was killed.
13th Amendment-the first amendment issued during the time of reconstruction. IT banned slavery/involuntary servitude in the US(1865) officially since acts such as the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery completely.
Judicial REview-after the incident of the Marbury vs Madison case, the Judicial branch is granted the power of Judicial Review. They can strike down laws that contradict or interferes with the constituion. The 4th chief Justice of the supreme court, john marshall, had been there in early cases.
14th Amendment-Second amendment passed during the reconstruction. This amendment granted citizens to all that are born or naturalized in the US. Including the freedmen.
