The entire human environment, including direct contact with others

Children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from other humans

The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group- the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and actions thought appropriate for them.

The unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves "from the outside"; the view we internalize of how other see us

Charles Horton Cooley theory. Refers to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others reactions.

An individual who significantly influences someone else's life.

*Note- sociologists are not only referring to your boyfriend or girlfriend

The norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people "in general"; the child's ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self

ID: Freud's term for our inborn basic drives

EGO: Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society

SUPEREGO: Freud's term for the conscience, the internalized norms and values of our social groups

On going research on Morality-

Kohlberg's original research showed that there were four stages (see book page 73). But there were flaws in the research-

Gilligan's research shows evidence that it depends on gender.

Both sets of research focus on the idea the morality depends on socialization

EMOTIONS: Is based on socialization, there are six universal emotions, cultures share and express their emotions in different ways.

Those basic emotions are: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.

The ways in which society sets children onto different course in life because they are male or female

Forms of communication, such as radio, newspaper, and television that are directed to mass audiences.

The behaviors and attitudes considered appropriate because one is a female or a male

A group of individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests

A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others

People or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors or other orientations toward life

Because one anticipates a future role, one learns parts of it now

The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

A place in which people are cut off from the rest of society and are almost totally controlled by the officials who run the place

A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to describe an attempt to remake the self by stripping away an individual's self-concept and stamping a new identity in its place

The stages of our life as we go from birth to death

Childhood (birth to 12)
Adolescence (13-17)
Young Adult (18-29)
The Middle Years (30-65)
The Later Middle Years (50-65)
The Older Years (65 and on)