TIMELINE

511, THE UNITING OF THE FRANKS

• Clovis was the emperor of the Franks.
• In 511 the Franks were united into one kingdom.
• Which today it would be modern day France.

800, CROWNING OF CHARLEMAGNE BY THE POPE

• The church sought to influence both spiritual and
• political matters.
• Charlemagne wanted to expand the empire of
• Christianity. He was the most powerful king in
• Western Europe.

962, THE CROWNING OF OTTO

• Otto was the most effective ruler of Medieval Germany.
• He was also known as Otto the Great
• Otto followed in the footsteps of Charlemagne. He formed
• a close reliance with the church.

1000, REVIVAL OF LEARNING

• In 1000 towns brought back centers for learning and
• the development of universities. Authors started to
• write in vernacular.

1054, THE GREAT SCHISM

• This happened because the French clergy did not
• agree with Pope Urban VI's reforms. Two popes
• we're elected which cause controversy between
• the two Popes.

1066, BATTLE OF HASTINGS

• This battle took place in England. By the end
• of the battle King Harold II was dead and his
• Forces were defeated. England was defeated
• By the Norman forces.

1075, BANNING OF LAY INVESTITURE

• Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture.
• Who ever controlled lay investiture wielded the
• power in naming bishops. The Reformers thought
• bishops should not be under the power of any King.

1077, HENERY IV BEGGS FOR FORGIVNESS

• Since the Pope had banned Lay Investiture Henry IV
• sent a letter to the pope calling him a false monk and not pope.
• The pop fired back by excommunicating him. He had to
• go Canossa to try to win the Popes forgiveness.

1096, THE CRUSADES

• The crusades was a Holy war with a goal to
• regaining Holy lands, such as Jerusalem.
• The war was issued by Pope Urban II.

1122, CONCORDAT OF WORMS

• This meant the church could grant bishops his
• ring and staff, symbols of the church office. But the
• Emperor had the veto power to prevent the appointment
• of a bishop.

1176, BATTLE OF LEGNANO

• In 1176, the foot soldiers of the Lombard League
• faced Fredrick's army of mounted knights at the
• Battle of Legnano. The foot soldiers used crossbows
• to defeat the feudal knights for the first time in
• history.

1177, FREDRICK MADE PEACE WITH THE POPE

• In 1177 Fredrick made peace with the Pope
• and returned to Germany. Fredrick drowned in 1190
• And his empire dissolved into an array of feudal
• states.

1331, THE BUBONIC PLAGUE

• The bubonic plague killed 1/3 of Europes
• population. The plague was brought to Europe from
• Asia through trade routes and rats also carried the
• disease. TheJews were the blame for the disease
• and death.

1337, START OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR

• The Hundred Years' War was against Engalnd
• and France. The King of England claimed to be
• the ruler of France too, caused the whole conflict.
• The French ended up winning the war.

1400, THE RECONQUISTA

• The reconquista was a long effort to drive
• Muslims from Spain. By 1400, the Muslims only
• had a tiny Kingdom of Granada.

1558, PARLIAMENT IS FORMED IN ENGLAND

• King Edward I brought together a parliament
• To approve increasing taxes for a war with France.
• Soon enough parliament started to become stronger
• and began to check the royal power.

1789, THE ESTATES GENERAL IS INTRODUCED

• The Estates general is made up of 3 estates.
• 1st estate= clergy
• 2nd estate= nobles
• 3rd estate= Commoners
• Put his policy gave the average citizen a say in the government.