The Second Great Migration

The Second Great Migration

• The movement of African Americans (South -> North)
• Internal, interregional migration
• From 1940 to 1970 in the United States
• Post Civil War

Reasons for Migration

• Jim Crow laws in the South - 'separate but equal'
• Protesting the laws -> burned alive or hanging 
• Agricultural collapse in South 
• North offered more economic opportunities, with better wages
• North offered  better treatment of  blacks and working conditions

Examples of Jim Crow Laws

• African-Americans in the backs of buses
• Inferior Schools
• Refused service in many hotels and restaurants
• Complaining about the laws resulted in getting harassed and even killed

Distribution

• Throughout Northern U.S.
• Where they ended up depended on original state
• Most migrated by railroads
• Three major railroads

Illinois Central Railroad

• Arkansas and Alabama ->
• Ohio
• Chicago
• Detroit

Seaboard Air Line

• Florida, Georgia, Carolinas, Virginia ->
• Washington, D.C.
• Philadelphia
• New York City
• New Jersey

Union Pacific Rail Line

• Texas and Louisiana ->
• Los Angeles
• Oakland (California)

Intervening Obstacles

• Whites didn't want blacks near them
• 'White flight'
• Leaving 'home' to a new place that they had little knowledge about

Impact in the U.S.

• Agriculture tech developed in South
• Demographics altered e.g. 'white flight'
• Housing shortage in North
• Social / political influence of blacks
• Spreading of African-Americans across U.S.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ( IMAGES)

• "Rockin' On: the Blog." : July 2013. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .
• "Civil Rights." for Kids: Jim Crow Laws. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .
• "The second great migration overview." The second great migration overview. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .
• "Great Migration Railroad strike 100 years ago brought an influx of African-Americans to Waterloo." Waterloo Cedar Falls Courier. N.p., 1 Feb. 2011. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .
• "US Slave." : September 2012. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ( IMAGES CONT.)

• "Oil-Electric." : "Revolving Picture Collection. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .
• "First Transcontinental Railroad." - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .
• "Canadian Social Studies." : Great Migration: Immigration Expeirence. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .
• "The great northern migration." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .
• "The effects of the second great migration." Effects of the second great migration. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .

BIBLIOGRAPHY (INFO)

• The Second Great Migration. N.p.: National Geographic, n.d. PDF.
• The Second Great Migration." AAME :. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2014.