A great conqueror and duke, Theseus, discovered two wounded enemy soldiers, Palamon and Arcite, and heals them and condemns them to a life of imprisonment.
One day, while in the prison tower, Palamon and Arcite look of out the tower window and see Emelye, Theseus's sister-in-law. They instantly fall in love with Emelye.
One day, a duke named Perotheus, petitions for Arcite's freedom. Theseus agrees, but banish's Arcite from Athens permanently. Arcite returns to Thebes, miserable and jealous of Palamon, who can still see Emelye everyday.
Although he is banished, Arcite returns to Athens to be closer to Emelye. At the same time, Palamon escapes from the tower in order to be with her also.
Theseus finds these two in a battle in the woods, and decides to hold a tournament. The two men will fight one another with a hundred of the finest men he can gather. The winner will be awarded Emelye's hand.
Theseus prepares for the tournament by constructing an enormous stadium. By the gates he builds three temples to the gods- one for Venus, the goddess of love; one for Mars, the god of victory; and one for Dianna, the goddess of chastity.
Sunday before the tournament, Palamon visits the temple of Venus and request that she bring him victory in the name of love. Emelye visits the temple of Diana and begs her to prevent the impending marriage. Arcite visits the temple of Mars and begs for victory in battle.
Palamon fights valiantly, however Arcite sees his chance and brings Palamon "to the stake." The earth then shakes, and Arcite's horse throws him, crushing his chest.
After some years pass, the mourners heal, except for Emelye and Palamon, who continue to feel sorrow. Theseus reminds them that God ordains that all must die, and refusal to accept death is therefor folly.