Components of the Missouri Compromise

The Compromise consisted of three main provisions:

Missouri would be admitted to the Union as a slave state.
Maine would be admitted at the same time as a free state in order to maintain the balance between free and slave states.
Slavery would be declared illegal north of the 36o30' parallel west of Missouri. As the text of the Compromise stated:
[I]n all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.
The act was made into law in 1820.

Components of the Compromise of 1850

The final version of the Compromise of 1850 had five major components:

California was admitted as a free state.
Territories of New Mexico and Utah were given the option of legalizing slavery.
The border between Texas and New Mexico was fixed.
A stronger fugitive slave law was enacted.
The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia, though slavery remained legal.

Proposed by Stephen Douglas to advance the railroads. Would open territories to popular sovereignty. Unintentionally makes Kansas and Nebraska a battleground for slave or free states. This erased the Missouri Compromise line.

Charles Sumner of Massachusetts denounced the Southern slave holders particularly Andrew Butler of South Carolina and was beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks, almost to death. Brooks was the nephew of Butler took offense and would have challenged him to a duel because his uncle was absent and recovering from illness. He was beaten for about a full minutes and Brooks was arrested.

Abraham Lincoln was against the spread of slavery and Stephen Douglas was for popular sovereignty. This put them at odds for the seats of Congress. Even though Lincoln lost the election it put him in the spotlight as an anti slavery proponent.

John Brown was a radical anti slavery activist that led two major attacks to lead to war. Bloodshed in Kansas in retaliation to attacks on anti slavery people in Kansas led to Kansas being named "Bleeding Kansas". The attack on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, in order to gain weapons for a slave revolt was the last act he participated in. He was arrested, tried, found guilty and hung all in 6 weeks. John Brown becomes a martyr and spurs the North to war.

Lincoln gave a speech at Cooper Union in New York to protest the spread of slavery. This garnered him the Republican nomination for President in 1860.

Lincoln won the election of 1860. Stephen Douglas tried to keep the South in the Union telling them that Lincoln was not going to free the slaves, they listened, but believed the only choice was to secede.