TEXT STUCTURE

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

• It is used to compare similarities and differences between two or more things
• It can be used to answer which product is better.
• Signal Words: As, Also, Like, Alike, and Yet.
• Example: Before the advent of computers and modern technology, people communicating over long distances used traditional means such as letters and the telephone. Nowadays we have a vast array of communication tools which can complete this task, ranging from email to instant messaging and video calls. While the present and previous means of communication are similar in their general form, they differ in regard to their speed and the range of tools available. One similarity between current and previous methods of communication relates to the form of communication. In the past, both written forms such as letters were frequently used, in addition to oral forms such as telephone calls. Similarly, people nowadays use both of these forms. Just as in the past, written forms of communication are prevalent, for example via email and text messaging. In addition, oral forms are still used, including the telephone, mobile phone, and voice messages via instant messaging services. However, there are clearly many differences in the way we communicate over long distances, the most notable of which is speed. This is most evident in relation to written forms of communication. In the past, letters would take days to arrive at their destination. In contrast, an email arrives almost instantaneously and can be read seconds after it was sent. In the past, if it was necessary to send a short message, for example at work, a memo could be passed around the office, which would take some time to circulate. This is different from the current situation, in which a text message can be sent immediately. Another significant difference is the range of communication methods. Fifty years ago, the tools available for communicating over long distances were primarily the telephone and the letter. By comparison, there are a vast array of communication methods available today. These include not only the telephone, letter, email and text messages already mentioned, but also video conferences via software such as Skype or mobile phone apps such as Wechat, and social media such as Facebook and Twitter. In conclusion, methods of communication have greatly advanced over the past fifty years. While there are some similarities, such as the forms of communication, there are significant differences, chiefly in relation to the speed of communication and the range of communication tools available. There is no doubt that technology will continue to progress in future, and the advanced tools which we use today may one day also become outdated.

CHRONOLOGICAL

• It’s important to organize and for neatness it is used when listing steps to complete a task
• it is used when listing steps to
• An example of a question is “tell us how to do something”
• Signal words: next, now, finally, and first
• How to make a pb&j: First, get out ingredients bread, knife, peanut butter, and jelly. Next, lay out bread and open jars. Then, lightly spread peanut butter and jelly on each of the slices. Finally, put them together.

PROBLEM/SOLUTION

• It is used when problems are stated and a solution needs to be given.
• A question this would be used with is “think of an answer to this problem and state it.”
• Signal words;: because, since, so that, and consequently
• Example: http://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/essayproblemsolution-14082418360...? cb=1408905397

CAUSE AND EFFECT

• It is used when you want to state something that happened and what happened because of it
• A question this would answer is “what happened because of this”
• Signal words: for, because, since, and as
• Example: When water is heated, the molecules move quickly, therefore the water boils.

DESCRIPTION

• It is used when describing something
• A example question is “describe the short story in a piece of text.
• Signal Words: as in, looks like, and such as
• Example:
• Colt the dog looks like a cat.

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