SUMMARIZING

• To aid in understanding
• Memorizing
• And learning the relevant information

RULE-BASED SUMMARIZING STRATEGY

• Take out unimportant information
• Take out words that repeat information
• Replace a list of things with one word that describes them
• Find a topic sentence or create one if it is missing

SUMMARY FRAMES

THE 6 FRAMES

• Narrative Frame
• Topic-Restriction-Illustration Frame
• Definition Frame

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• Argumentation Frame
• Problem-Solution Frame
• Conversation Frame

NARRATIVE FRAME

• Who are the main characters?
• What distinguishes them from the other characters?
• When and where did the story take place?
• What were the circumstances?
• What prompted the action in the story?

NARRATIVE FRAME CONTINUED

• How did the characters express their feelings?
• What did the main character decide to do?
• Did they set a goal? What was it?
• How did the main character try to accomplish their goal?
• What were the consequences?

TOPIC-RESTRICTION-ILLUSTRATION FRAME

• What is the general statement or topic?
• What information narrows or restricts the general statement or topic?
• What examples illustrates the topic restriction?

DEFINITION FRAME

• What is being defined?
• To which general category does the item belong?
• What characteristics separate the item from the other things in the general category?
• What are some different types or classes of the item being defined?

ARGUMENTATION FRAME

• What is the basic claim or focus of the information?
• What information is presented that leads to a claim?
• What examples or explanations support the claim?
• What restricts the claim? What evidence counters the claim?

PROBLEM-SOLUTION FRAME

• What is the problem?
• What is a possible solution?
• What is another possible solution?
• Which solution has the best chance of succeeding and why?

CONVERSATION FRAME

• How did the members of the conversation greet one another?
• What question or topic was insinuated, revealed, or referred to?
• How did the conversation progress?
• How did the conversation concluded?

RECIPROCAL TEACHING

• Summarizer
• Questioner
• Clarifier
• Predictor

THE PROCESS HELPS

• Capture key points
• Work together as a team
• Gain a collective understanding of the topic

CLASSROOM PRACTICE FOR NOTE TAKING

• Teacher prepared notes
• Variety of note-taking formats
• Opportunities for students to revise their notes and use them for review

TEACHER PREPARED NOTES

• Templates
• Tables
• Two column notes
• KWL charts

VARIETY OF NOTE TAKING FORMATS

• Webbing
• Informal outlining
• Combination

OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS TO REVISE & REVIEW

• Leave space between each note
• Explicit instruction on how to use notes
• Corrective feedback from the teacher