Skeletal System

The Skeletal System

• The skeletal system is one of many important systems of our body.
• The skeletal system is our human skeleton and how it operates. 
• The skeleton is an essential part to the human body.
• It supports the body.
• It also helps support movement and produce blood cells.

Major Bones 1-5

• Cranium- Protects the skull.
• Mandible- The jaw bone.
• Clavicle- The collar bone.
• Sternum- Connects to the clavicle and first 7 ribs.
• Humerus- Bone extending from shoulder to elbow.

Major Bones 6-10

• Rib cage- Group of 12 bones from the spine to sternum. 
• Vertebrae- Segment of spinal column.
• Pelvis- The hipbone.
• Ulna- The longest bone of the human forearm.
• Radius- Shorter bone of forearm.

Major Bones 11-15

• Carpals- Wrist bones.
• Metacarpals- Bones between the wrist and each finger.
• Phalanges- The finger and toe bones.
• Femur- Upper leg bone.
• Patella- Bone that protects knee joint.

Major Bones 16-20

• Tibia- Inner bone of the leg between the ankle.
• Fibula- Outer bone of the leg between the ankle.
• Tarsals- Ankle bones.
• Metatarsals- Bones between ankles and toes.
• Scapula- Shoulder blade.

Composition of Bone

• There are three main layers in bones:
• Spongy bone, the innermost layer that moves nutrients
• Compact bone, the middle layer and the strongest layer
• and Periosteum, the outer layer with blood vessels and nerves

Kinds of Joints

• There are four major kinds of joints in the human body:
• Ball and socket joints consist of a bone end connecting with the round end 
• Hinge joints allow only a particular plane of movement
• Pivot joints allow a bone to turn along another
• Gliding joints revolve around two flat bones gliding along each other

Immovable Joints are the connecting point for bones that don't move or move minimally

Injuries of Bones

• Bones are easy to injure under dangerous circumstances
• Bones can be broken or fractured under great strain
• There are also diseases of the bones
• Osteoporosis is a common disease that weakens bones
• The body usually can't function properly if bones are damaged

Terms

• Osteology- The study of bones
• Appendicular skeleton- Consists of bones of the limbs
• Axial skeleton- Consists of bones of the head
• Ligaments- The tissue that connects bones to others
• Tendons- The tissue that connects bone to muscle

Terms

• Periosteum- Outer layer of bone
• Haversian canals- Canals at the center of bone
• Marrow- Flexible tissue at the interior of bone
• Ossification- Process of developing new bone material
• Arthritis- Disorder involving inflammation of joints

Terms

• Cartilage- Flexible connective tissue
• Bursae- Fluid-filled sacs of the joints