SKELETAL SYSTEM

IDENTIFY TWENTY MAJOR BONES IN THE BODY?

• Cranium
• Mandible
• Clavicle
• Sternum
• Humerus
• Rib cage
• Vertebrae
• Carpals
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges
• Femur
• Patella
• Fibula
• Tibia
• Ulna
• Tarsals
• Metatarsals
• Pelvis
• Radius
• Scapula

STATE THE FUNCTION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

• It supports and gives structure to the body.
• Protects the soft internal organs of our body.
• Helps move the body along with the muscular system.
• Stores minerals and calcium phosphate and fat.
• It produces blood cells within red bone marrow.

DESCRIBE THE COMPOSITION OF BONE?

• Living bone contains about 10-20% water and 60-70% bone mineral , and the remaining material is mostly collagen with trace amounts of proteins and inorganic salts.

EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION BETWEEN THE 4 MAJOR KINDS OF MOVEABLE JOINTS: BALL AND SOCKET, HINGE, PIVOT, GLIDING.

• Ball and socket joints provide movement for the body. The hinge joint is shaped to restrict movement to one plane. The hinge joint allows articulate surfaces to be closely molded together. The pivot joint allows movement in one plane, such as rotation or twisting motion. Pivot joints hold the two bones of the forearm together.

DISCUSS SOME INJURIES OR DISORDERS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM?

• Sprain- a severe painful injury to the ligament.
• Arthritis- a joint disorder caused due to inflammation or one or more joints.
• Scoliosis- a skeletal disorder which leads to an abnormally curved spine.

VOCABULARY

• Appendicular skeleton- consists of the girdles and the skeleton of the limbs. The upper limbs are attached to the pectoral girdle and the lower limbs are attached to the pelvic girdle.
• Arthritis-Inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with age.
• Axial skeleton-is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate.
• Bursa- A closed, fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body.
• Cartilage-A firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible than bone.
• Endoskeleton- An internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.
• Fontanels-A space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus, where ossification is not complete and the sutures not fully formed. The main one is between the frontal and parietal bones.
• Haversian canals-Any of the minute tubes that form a network in bone and contain blood vessels.
• Joints-The location which the bones are connected at.
• Ligament-A short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
• Marrow-A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced.
• OssificationIt is synonymous with bone tissue formation.
• OsteologyTthe study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures.
• Periosteum-Adense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
• Synovial Fluid-A thick, straw-colored liquid found in small amounts in joints, bursae and tendon sheaths.
• Tendons-A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.