THE SHOULDER

CORACOBRACHIALIAS

• Insertion: middle one third of the medial surface of the humerus
• Origin: coracoid process of the scapula
• Classification: prime mover of shoulder flexion and adduction
• Action: arm flexion

DELTOID ANTERIOR

• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on the lateral surface of the humerus
• Origin: anterior border of the lateral one third of the clavical
• Classification: prime mover, synergist
• Action: arm abduction (upper fibers)

DELTOID MIDDLE

• Classification: neutralizer
• Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity on the lateral surface of the humerus
• Origin: acromion process of the scapula
• Action: medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint

DELTOID POSTERIOR

• Origin: inferior edge of scapular spine
• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on the lateral surface of the shaft of the humerus
• Action: arm outward rotation
• Classification: neutralizer

INFRASPINATUS

• Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
• Insertion: superior/ lateral surface of the greater tuberosity of the humerus
• Action: arm outward rotation
• Classification: prime mover of lateral shoulder rotation, synergist of shoulder abduction

LATISSIMUS DORSI

• Insertion: intertubular groove on the anterior humerus
• Origin: spinous process of the vertebra T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs
• Classification: prime mover of the shoulder joint
• Action: extends and internally rotates the arm

PECTORALIS MAJOR

• Classification: prime mover of shoulder horizontal adduction
• Insertion: crest of the greater tuberosity of the humerus
• Origin: clavicular head anterior border of the medial half of the clavicle
• Action: arm flexion

PECTORALIS MINOR

• Classification: muscle that is used for horizontally pushing down on the shoulder
• Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
• Origin: anterior surface of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs
• Action: rib elevation, scapula depression

SUBSCAPULARIS

• Classification: the stabilizer of shoulder horizontal adduction
• Insertion: lesser tuberosity of the humerus
• Origin: subscapular fossa of the scapula
• Action: arm hyperextension

SUPRASPINATUS

• Classification: stabilizer of shoulder horizontal adduction
• Insertion: superior/lateral surface of the greater tuberosity of the humerus
• Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
• Action: arm. Abduction

TERES MAJOR

• Classification: neutralizer of shoulder horizontal abduction
• Insertion: crest of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus
• Origin: lower subscapular nerve
• Action: same as totissimus dorsal (arm extension, hypertension, adduction, inward notation

TERES MINOR

• Classification: stabilizer of shoulder horizontal abduction
• Insertion: posterior surface of the greater tuberosity of the humerus
• Origin: cut the axillary border of scapula
• Action: outward rotation, extension, hyperextension, adduction, horizontal abduction

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

• Classification: prime mover for elevation of the scapulae
• Insertion: vertebral border of the scapula from the spine to the superior angle
• Origin: transverse processes of the first four cervical vertebrae
• Action: scapula elevation, inward rotation, adduction

RHOMBOID MAJOR & MINOR

• Classification: stabilizer of scapular protraction
• Insertion: vertebral border of the scapula from the spine to the inferior angle.
• Origin: lower part of ligarnentum nuchae
• Action: adduction, inward rotation, elevation

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

• Classification: prime mover for scapular protraction
• Insertion: costal surface of vertebral border of scapula
• Origin: lateral anterior surfaces of first eight/nine ribs
• Action: abduction, outward rotation, depression

SUBCLAVIUS

• Classification: prime mover for depression of shoulder girdle.
• Insertion: inferior groove in the mid portion of the clavicle
• Origin: superior aspect of first rib at its junction
• Action: scapula depression

TRAPEZIUS

• Classification: prime mover for scapular retraction
• Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
• Origin: superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae
• Action: adduction, elevation, depression, outward rotation, extension, etc.

WORKS CITED

• Brookbush , Brent. "Kinesiology of the Shoulder and Scapula:." Brookbush Institute- Human Movement Science. Brookbush Institute , n.d. Web. 2017.
• Golding, Lawrence A., and Scott M. Golding. Fitness Professionals Guide to Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Human Movement . Monterey: Healthy Learning , 2003. Print.