Science Genetic Vocab
Published on Nov 18, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
TRAIT
- Do you have brown or blue eyes? Is your hair curly or straight? These are physical traits that you have from one of your parents. All plants and animals pass traits to their offspring through genes.
DOMINANT TRAIT
- Some characteristics are more likely to be passed on from parent to child. They are called dominant traits. Dominant traits come from a gene that expresses one trait, like brown eyes, while suppressing a competing trait like blue eyes. In this family, brown eyes are a dominant trait.
CHROMOSOME
- All organisms contain cells and all cells contain DNA. DNA is wound up around proteins to form chromosomes. DNA contains the genetic blueprint of an organism and determines whether the organism will be a human, a butterfly, or corn.
HEREDITYY
- Many of the apples we buy from an orchard or grocery have been selectively or genetically bred so that they are sweet and hardy. These traits are inherited from many different trees that over time have produced the best fruit for the market.
GENE
- A child has the same hair color as his mother and eye color as his father. These are characteristics that come from his genes. Genes carry information from the parent. They determine what the child will be like.
RECESSIVE TRAIT
- These gray rabbits have a pair of dominant-recessive alleles that give them their coat color. When they are crossed, there is a 1 in 4 chance that the offspring will have a white coat. This happens when the offspring inherits two recessive genes that code for white coat color.
ALLELE
- An allele for a trait is found in the DNA of each chromosome.
PUNNETT SQUARE
- A Punnett square is used to see the possible outcomes of parent's alleles in their offspring.
PHENOTYPE
- The color of our hair and eyes, the shape of our ears and nose are inherited from our parents. Observable traits like these are called a person’s phenotype. These traits are the result of the genetic code in our DNA.
GENOTYPE
- An organism’s genotype is its genetic makeup. Each parent contributes half of the child’s genes. There can be different combinations of genes in the offspring. Dominant traits are always expressed. Recessive traits are expressed only in the absence of dominant traits.
HOMOZYGOUS
- a genetic condition where an individual inherits the same alleles for a particular gene from both parents.
HETEROZYGOUS
- The genetics term heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different. Like all words with the prefix hetero, this has to do with things that are different — specifically genes.
DNA
- A DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder. DNA reproduces itself. Two identical DNA molecules are formed with the process of replication. Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus of almost every cell. They are made of DNA. Genes are pieces of chromosomes and tiny segments of DNA. Each gene has a fixed location on its chromosome and helps to specify a trait.
PROKARYOTE
- Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are classified by the shape and arrangement of their cells. Prokaryotes include the domains Archaea and Bacteria.
EUKARYOTE
- A eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes belong to the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota.
