RATTLESNAKE EVENOMATION

The bites are usually around the head and front limbs. If they are on the trunk of the body they have a poorer prognosis. The venom may effect the nervous and cardiopulmonary systems.

CLINICAL SIGNS

• One, two or several small puncture wounds
• Bleeding
• Bruising
• Painful swelling
• Tissue necrosis

CLINICAL SIGNS IN A FEW HOUS

• Hypotension
• Shock
• Lethargy
• Weakness
• Muscle tremors

In a blood smear echinocyes will be seen

There are really no tests. Just asking the right questions and doing a thorough physical exam.

DO NOT

• Apply touniquet
• Cut the area
• Try to suck venom out
• Apply heat or ice

Treatments:
Antivenin is given to neutralize the effects of the venom. IV fluids, analgesics, anti inflammatories and antibiotics are also given.

The vaccine?
Only works for one certain type of diamondback rattlesnake bite. Dogs vaccinated proved to have less pain, permanent injury and swelling.

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Sources:
Petmed
Cahvetclinics
Redrockbiologics
Tenakerpetcare