BY: HALEY

WHAT IS A PLANT?

PLANT ADAPTATIONS FOR LAND

• They must need way to obtain water
• Retain water
• Transport materials in their bodies
• Support their bodies
• Be able to reproduce

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

• Low growing
• Don't have roots for absorbing water
• Obtain water directly from the surroundings
• Materials pass from cell to cell
• Materials don't travel far or quickly

MOSSES

• More than 10,000 species
• Grows in damp, shady spots
• Rhizoids anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients

LIVERWORTS

• More than 8,000 species
• Often found as a thick crust on moist rocks
• Looks like human liver
• Have sporophytes that are hard to see

HORNWORTS

• Less than 100 species
• Seldom found on rocks or tree trunks
• Live in moist soil
• Slender and curved
• Are sporophytes

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

• Don't produce seeds
• They reproduce spores
• Need to grow in moist surroundings

FERNS

• More than 12,000 species
• Have true stems,roots, and leaves
• Leaves are called fronds

HORSETAILS

• Very few species on Earth
• Long coarse needle-like branches
• Used to scrub pots and pans

CLUB MOSSES

• Few hundred species
• Have vascular tissue
• Looks like a small branch of a pine tree
• Grows in moist woods and near streams

SEED PLANTS

• It's a gymnosperm and angiosperm
• They are all around us.
• We eat them- apples, cucumbers, watermelon
• Produces pollen

VASCULAR TISSUE- PHLOEM

• Food moves through it
• After food travels through the leaves
• It goes through the phloem

VASCULAR TISSUE- XYLEM

• Water and nutrients travel through it.
• Roots absorb water and nutrients

POLLEN AND SEEDS

• Pollen is produced by seed plants
• Pollen delivers sperm cells
• The cells develop into a seed

SEED STRUCTURE

• Made up of the..
• Seed coat
• Cotyledon
• Embryo
• Roots& leaves

SEED DISPERSAL

• When seed moves to new land
• Move by wind, water, self dispersal, or barb-like
• If far from parents better chance to survive

GERMINATION

• When the embryo grows again
• Pushes out of seed
• Once you can see the leaves it's called a seedling

ROOTS

• Anchor the plant in the ground
• Absorb water and materials from the soil
• Sometimes store food

STEMS

• Carries substances between the plant's roots and leaves
• Provides support for the plant
• Hold up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun

LEAVES

• Captures the sun's energy
• Without transpiration in the leaves the plant would die

GYMNOSPERMS

• A seed that produces naked seeds is a gymnosperms
• Have needle-like or scale-like leaves
• Have deep growing roots

EXAMPLES OF GYMNOSPERMS

• Gnetophyte
• Ginkgo
• Cycad
• Conifer

ANGIOSPERMS

• Produce flowers
• Produce seeds that are enclosed in fruits

EXAMPLES OF ANGIOSPERMS

• Rafflesia plants
• Food
• Clothing
• Medicine

MONOCOT VS. DICOT- MONOCOT

• One cotyledon
• Parallel veins
• Bundles of vascular tissue scattered throughout stem
• Flowers have three parts

MONOCOT VS. DICOT- DICOT

• Two cotyledons
• Branching veins
• Vascular tissue arranged in ring shape
• Flower parts are in four or five

PLANT TROPISMS

• Touch
• Light
• Gravity

TOUCH

• Bladderworts use touch
• Vines grow and coil around any object

LIGHT

• All plants exhibit a response to light
• Leaves,stem,and flowers grow toward light

GRAVITY

• All plants respond to gravity
• Roots show positive gravitropism they grow downward
• Stems show negative gravitropism they grow upward