PLANTS

WHAT IS A PLANT?

PLANT ADAPTATION FOR LAND

• For plants to survive on land,
• they must have ways to obtain water and other
• nutrients from their surroundings, retain water,
• transport materials in their bodies,
• support their bodies, and reproduce.

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

• Nonvascular Plants are low-growing plants
• that live in moist areas where they can absorb water
• and other nutrients directly from their environment.

MOSSES

• There are more than 10,000 species.
• They have thin, rootlike structures called "Rhizoids"
• Rhizoids anchor the the moss and absorb water
• and nutrients from the soil.

LIVERWORTS

• There are more than 8,000 species of liverworts.
• They grow on rocks or soil near streams.
• It looks like Human Liver.
• They are shaped like human liver.

HORNWORTS

• There are fewer than 100 species of hornworts.
• They are found in rocks and tree trunks.
• They are sporophytes.
• They are shaped like horns.

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

• They have vascular tissue.
• Ferns, Horsetails, and Club Mosses are
• Seedless Vascular Plants.

FERNS

• There are more than 12,000 species of ferns.
• The roots anchor the fern to the ground and absorb water from the soil.

HORSETAILS

• There are very few species of horsetails.

CLUB MOSSES

• Are like ferns because they have true
• stems, roots, and leaves.
• They have vascular tissue.
• There are a few hundred species today.

SEED PLANTS

• They have vascular tissue.
• They use pollen and seeds to
• reproduce.

VASCULAR TISSUE: PHLOEM/XYLEM

• Phloem is the vascular tissue through which food moves.
• Xylem is water and minerals, that travel in the vascular tissue.

POLLEN AND SEEDS

• Pollen are tiny structures that contain the cells that will later
• become sperm cells.
• Seeds is a structure that contains a young plant inside a
• protective covering.

SEED STRUCTURE

• A seed has three main parts is an embryo, stored food,
• and a seed coat.
• A young plant that develops from the zygote,
• or fertilized egg is called an embryo.

SEED DISPERSAL

• Is when seeds scatter with wind water and
• when other organisms get involved.

GERMINATION

• Germination is when the embryo begins to grow again and
• pushes out of the seed.

ROOTS

• Roots anchor a plant in the ground, absorb water and minerals
• from the soil, and sometimes store food.

STEMS

• The stem carries substances between the plant’s roots
• and leaves.
• The stem also provides support for the plant.

LEAVES

• Leaves play an important role in a plant.
• Leaves capture the sun’s energy and carry
• out the food-making process of photosynthesis

GYMNOSPERM

• A gymnosperm is a seed plant that produces naked seeds.

EXAMPLES OF GYMNOSPERMS

• Pine Tree.

ANGIOSPERM

• They produce flowers.
• Angiosperms produce seeds that are enclosed in fruits.

EXAMPLES OF ANGIOSPERMS

• Rafflesia
• All Flowers

MONOCOT vs DICOT

• Monocots usually have long, slender leaves
• with veins that run parallel to one another.
• Dicot stems usually have bundles of vascular tissue.

PLANT TROPISM

• A plant’s growth response toward or away from a stimulus.
• Touch, Light, and Gravity are three important stimuli to
• which plants show growth responses.