The coin and the cup is a good example of Newton's first law. In the picture when the person pulls the card back with enough force the coins inertia wants to keep doing what it is doing and will stay where it is and fall in the cup.
When the man is driving at a constant speed his body wants to keep standing still but when he apply's the brakes the force of the brakes stops the car and makes the mans inertia unbalanced and moves him forward.
The acceleration of the girl depends on how much mass the boy is and how much force she apply's. If she applied more force the wagon would go faster if they applied more mass then the wagon would go slower.
The acceleration of the boy depends on how much mass the rock is and how much force she apply's. If she applied more force he applies the rock. The rock would go faster across the table if they applied less mass or if they applied more mass then the rock would go slower across the table.
Newton's third law of motion states that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object.
When the ball comes down and hits the girl on the wrist an action force happens. The reason for the ball coming back up is that action force turns into a reaction force with the same amount of force but in the opposite direction.
The kayakers's paddle pulls at the water making it an action force. The reaction force of the water pushes the same amount of force in the opposite direction causing the kayak to move.