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PERMACULTURE ORCHARDS

WHAT's ON TODAY

• Guilds + orchard layout
• food forests
• animal integration
• converting mono-orchards
• Meeting Fruit tree needs
• Appropriate technology

"the ultimate goal of farming is not the growing of crops, but the cultivation and perfection of human beings" - Fukuoka

Characteristics

• Densely planted - time + space stacking
• always mulched
• maintained by people + animals
• carefully selected TRee species
• uTilized slope, creates microclimate

first

succession

ALDERS + DOUGLAS FIR

FOOD FOREST:
“A three dimensional garden of useful plants, all selected to maximise beneficial interaction and minimise competition.”
-Martin Crawford

FOOD forests

• diversity encourages predators + confuses pests.
• Self-regulating.
• 'everything gardens'

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NEEDS OF AN ORCHARD

• water + drainage
• sunshine
• pollination
• harvesting
• nutrients
• Protection - wind + fire

NEEDS OF AN ORCHARD

• Pruning
• pest + disease management
• weeding\
• fencing
• plants - seeds + saplings

water + drainage

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SUNSHINE

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Pollination

bee houses

CALIFORNIA POPPY, BORAGE, CHAMOMILE, CILANTRO, SWEET ALYSSUM

Harvesting

CALL YOUR NEIGHBORS!

CROP CALENDAR

NUTRIENTS

ANNUAL NITROGEN FIXERS: ALFALFA, CLOVER, VETCH, FAVA BEANS

Perennial nitrogen fixers are the answer!

seaberry:
edible
superfood
thorny

autumn Olive:
edible
hardy
great between rows

Silverberry
edible
v. hardy
light relfector

Pineapple broom:
lovely scented flowers!

honey locust:
chooks eat the seeds.
sturdy.
hardy.

no need for a trellis when you have trees!

put your branches through the chipper

under canopy perennial nitrogen fixers

LUPINES

California
lilac

Blue false indigo

use dynamic
accumulators
to mine nutrients

comfrey

Borage

Chives

chickens + Poultry

Protection

Wind breaks

• multi-layered
• select native + resilient
• leafy canopy
• multi-purpose
• calculate distance (10x)
• deciduous vs evergreen?

shape

california wax myrtle
outermost windward side

sea buckthorn windward side

alders in middle

Mulberries on lee side

bee fodder inner lee side

PRUNING

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PEST + DISEASE MANagment

Ducks + chicken clean up rotten fruit

frogs, duck, geese eat snails + slugs

marigolds
for nematodes

yarrow

alliums

fennel

dill

bee balm

daffodils

WEEDING

let's play
good cop bad cop

broadleaf plantain:
mines
ca, s, mg, Mn, fe, si

CHickweed:
mines K + P
edible. brings pollinators

Lamb's quarters:
deep roots
mine N, P, K, Ca, Mn

white clover:
nectar for pollinators
mines P
permanent walkable ground cover

dandelion:
mines k, p, Ca, cu,
Fe, mg, si
edible. attracts insects.

suppressing grass

nasturtium

comfrey

clover

wood chips

strawberry

cucurbits

thyme

oregano

mint

fencing

living fence:
mulch, shade, poles, cuttings, seeds, food, fodder, pollination

floppy fence

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hops

stinging nettles

espalier

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Saplings

choose
perennials

start a small nursery

by cutting

rooting hormone

grafting

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elderberry

currants

Figs

raspberry

bladder senna
'Colutea arborescens'

BUILDING A GUILD

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sheet mulch inside the drip line + get planting

Choose your main tree

• apple
• pear + asian pear
• quince
• fig
• cherry, plum, peach, nectarine
• persimmon
• kiwis + grapes
• Blueberries, Raspberries

while selecting...

• grafted
• dwarf
• disease resistant
• suited to your climate
• flowers through the year

some funky additions

goji berry

guomi berry

fejioa

Echinacea

st. john's wort

Egyptian walking onions

day lillies

MICROCLIMATE

persimmons need protection from wind

kiwis prefer easterly aspect

wisteria + grapes on southerly aspect. deciduous for winter.

give heavy winter mulch to figs and grapes. Frost sensitive.

Keep good airflow under apples. subject to fungal rot.

inoculate wood chips at base of trees for mushroom harvest

on a slope, plant on contour. remember the thermal belt.

integrating animals

CHICKENS

• mobile fencing
• broadcast grains: wheat, barley, oats, corn, Amaranth
• Greens: comfrey, clovers, chicory, oxalis, chives, parsley, dandelion

Ducks

• some water, tub to pond
• eat grains, greens, bug
• don't match with bees
• Will leave garden plants alone as long as properly managed

GEESE

• need water! ponds!
• living herbicide
• only eat narrow leaved plants
• good watchdog replacement

bees

• different homes for native and honey bees
• avoid ducks + horses
• good sun light + airflow
• ample nectar

Cats

• Keep a bell on them to prevent killing birds
• keep rats and rodents in check

Appropriate Technology

scythe

seed balls:
cover crops and grains:
oats
rye
crimsom clover
with 1/3 clay
+ 1/3 compost

chicken tractor

COmmercial orchards

NET AND PAN (NAP)

NET AND PAN (NAP)

“Permaculture is applied common sense, It’s using design to avoid having to solve problems afterwards. Organic farming is based on a substitution model where you use, or substitute, an organically approved product to solve a problem instead of a synthetic product as is used in conventional farming. Permaculture seeks to design the solutions into the system from the start so you don’t need the problem-solving products afterwards.”-Stefan sobkowiak

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