Participles and Ablative Absolite

Present Active Participle

• describes a noun as doing something
• ex. The slave WORKING in the field grew tired 
• Working is a present active participle

Forming a Present Active

• Start with the infinitive of a word (2nd Principal part)
• For example if you use do, dare, dedi, datus- start with Dare
• Remove the -re from the infinitive 
• dare is now da-
• Add -ns, this is the nomanative form (dans)

Forming Present Active COnt.

• To get the genitive form take off -s and add -tis
• The genitive form would become dantis
• For 3rd "io" and 4th conjugation there will be an "i" in the PAP
• ex. Capiens, capientis or audiens, audientis
• These are translated as the verb with an -ing (doing, running)

Perfect Passive Participle

• PPP is just the 4th principal part of a verb
• ex. iussus, ductus, inventus
• They are translated as having been ____ed
• ex. iussus= having been ordered
• PPP has 1st and 2nd declension endings

Future ACtive Participle

• Describes what a noun with what it will do in the future
• about to ______
• The slave about to work  gathers his tools.

Forming Fap

• Start with the 4th principal part
• add -ur before the -us
• ex. laboratus --- laboratURus
• if the 4th principal part already has -urus it is already a FAP

Ablative Absolute

• consist of a participle and a noun
• they are both in the ablative case
• located at the beginning of a sentence
• the translation does not start with noun or participle
• Starts with either Since, when, while, after, or because

Ablative Absolute Cont.

• ex. Puero legente
• While the boy is reading