Participles & Ablative Absolutes

Why do we use partciples?

• We use them as adjectives
• So they describe a noun
• They have a gender

there are 3 types of participles

• Present Active Participle
• Perfect Passive Participle
• Future Active Participle

How to form each

Present ACTIVE participle (PAP)

• Take the first principal part
• -re, and add "ns, ntis"
• ex) do, dare, would turn into da
• ex) dans, dantis
• translation: _______ing

Perfect passive participle (PPP)

• Take the 4th principal part
• ex. laborare, laboratus 
• add 1/2 declension endings
• translate: having been ________ed

future active participle (FAP)

• Take the 4th principal part
• ex "labor, laboratus"
• Add "ur" before "us"
• ex "laboraturus"
• translation: about to________

If the FAP already has a "urus" ending, then it is already a FAP, but cannot be passive.

Ablative absolute

Ablative absolute

• two words
• both in ablative case
• usually at the beginning of a sentence
• describes the circumstances for the rest of the sentence

Ablative absolute cont

• Translation will not start w/ noun or participle
• will start with the following 5 words
• After, Because, While, Since, When
• You get to pick whichever one works the best

Ablative absolute cont

• examples
• "Vidente Corneliam Sexto, ad villiam curnt"
• WHEN Sextus see's Cornelia, he runs to the house