Sleep

Table of contents

• What is sleep
• Why sleep at all
• What happens during sleep
• The lack of sleep
• Sleep disorders

What is sleep

condition of body and mind

catabolic and anabolic states

4 main stages

stages of sleep

• N1 - 'introduction to sleep', very light
• N2 - 'beginning of true sleep', light
• N3 - 'deep sleep'
• REM - rapid-eye movement

SLEEP POSITIONS

WHY SLEEP

learning and memory

• procedural and declarative memory
• 3 parts of learning: consolidation
• lack of sleep leads to negative effects

brain plasticity

• sleep is linked with brain structure
• learning and development
• grey, white matter, neural connections

RESTORATIVE-ENERGY-Adaptive

• rejuvenate, restore and maintain bodies
• conserve and recharge energy
• sleep instead of being active
• increase survival chance during the night

What happens during sleep

circadian rhythm

• 24.2 to 25.5 hours
• suprachiasmatic nucleus [SCN]
• CLOCK and SIRT1 proteins
• sunlight and the lack of
• involved in body processes

body slows down

• stimuli reaction
• body temperature -melatonin
• protein breakdown
• blood pressure and heart rate

PROCESSES

• body cells production
• metabolic rate of skin
• certain protein productions increase
• tumour necrosis factor [TNF]

body movements

• hypnic jerk
• paralysation
• snoring
• growing taller

the lack of sleep

Untitled Slide

STATIstics

• typical adult sleeps less than 7 hours
• 15% teenagers get recommended amount
• 30% higher death rate: less than 6, more than 9
• insomniacs has 45% higher heart attack chance
• awake for 17 hours, performance decrease

symptoms and effects

• worsened mental condition and abilities
• negative physical symptoms
• sense and activity problems/distortion
• body process unbalance
• higher risk of certain health problems

Sleep debt

• 65% sleep 7+ hours on weekends
• 48% sleep 7+ hours on week days
• rats deprived of REM-5 months, all sleep-3 weeks
• 17 year old Randy Gardner 1965 for 11 days
• 26 year old man for 11 days - 2012 European Cup

DISASTERS

• Exzon Valdez ship oil spill
• Chernobyl nuclear disaster
• the Challenger explosion
• Three Mile Island nuclear accident
• American Airlines Flight 1420 crash

SLEEP DISORDERS

3 most common

• sleep apnea-tongue over throat cuts oxygen
• insomnia-acute and chronic insomnia
• narcolepsy-central nervous system disorder

OTHER DISORDERS

• restless leg syndrome
• excessive daytime sleepiness
• nocturia
• parasomnias -somnambulism
• -pavor nocturnus

conclusion