Moles

What are moles?

• The number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12.
• Avogadro's number = 6.02 x 10^23

Measurements

• Mass is measured in grams.
• Molar mass is equal to the amu of each element
• Volume is measured in liters.
• Representative particles are measured based on what type of particle it is.

Representative Particles

• Molecular compound - molecule
• Ionic compound - formula unit
• Element - atom

Conversions

• Moles are the bridge between the conversions of liters, grams, and representative particles.
• They can all be turned into moles; from there they can be converted to any of the other measurements.

Converting to Moles

• There are 6.02 x 10^23 representative particles in one mole.
• The mass of a certain particle in one mole comes from the molar mass of every element in that particle added up.
• Converting moles to liters can be a problem due to the effects of temperature and pressure on gases.

STP

• 1 mole = 22.4 L, but only at STP.
• STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure = 0 degrees Celsius and 1atm