PSYCHOLOGY

5 MOST INFLUENTIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS

B.F. SKINNER

B.F. SKINNER (1904-1990)

• Famous for his research on operant conditioning and negative reinforcement.
• Developed a device called the "cumulative recorder".
• Found that behaviors were dependent upon what happens after the response.
• He was identified as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century.

SIGMUND FREUD

SIGMUND FREUD (1907)

•One of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the 20th century

•His ideas had such a strong impact on psychology that an entire school of thought emerged from his work. While it was eventually replaced by the rise of behaviorism, psychoanalysis had a lasting impact on both psychology and psychotherapy.

• His work supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on psychology and behavior. His work and writings contributed to our understanding of personality, clinical psychology, human development, and abnormal psychology.

ALFRED BANDURA

ALFRED BANDURA (1925- )

•Best Known For: Bobo Doll Studies,Observational Learning,Social Learning Theory

•Bandura's work is considered part of the cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s.

•His theories have had tremendous impact on personality psychology, cognitive psychology, education and psychotherapy.

JEAN PIAGET

JEAN PIAGET (1896-1980)

•Piaget provided support for the idea that children think differently than adults

• He is best known for his research on children's cognitive development and genetic epistemology.

• Piaget's theories continue to be studied in the areas of psychology, sociology, education, and genetics.

WILLIAM JAMES

WILLIAM JAMES (1892-1910)

•1875 - Began teaching psychology at Harvard

• Best Known For: Pragmatism, Functionalism, James-Lange Theory of Emotion

• According to PRAGMATISM, the truth of an idea can never be proven. James focus on what he called the "cash value," or usefulness, of an idea.

5 MOST INFLUENTIAL PHILOSOPHERS

ALEXANDER BAIN

ALEXANDER BAIN (1818-1903)

•Scottish philosopher who advanced the study of psychology with his work on mental processes and who strove to improve education in Scotland.

•He also devoted himself to the study of psychology, adopting a rigorously scientific approach. Bain sought to find physical correlatives for such abstract concepts as “idea” and “mind” and stressed the need for further investigation of the processes of the brain and the nervous system.

BERTRAND RUSSELL

BERTRAND RUSSELL

•He is generally credited with being one of the founders of Analytic Philosophy, and almost all the various Analytic movements throughout the 20th Century (particularly Logicism, Logical Positivism and Ordinary Language Philosophy)

• He is one of the most important logicians of the 20th Century.

•Bertrand Russell made ground-breaking contributions to the foundations of mathematics and to the development of contemporary formal logic, as well as to analytic philosophy.

ALBERT SCHWEITZER

ALBERT SHCWEITZER (1875-1965)

•Schweitzer is greatly known as a music scholar and organist who was a profound scholar of the music of German composer Johann Sebastian Bach. Many of his Bach recordings are currently available on CD. He started and greatly influenced the Organ reform movement. Schweitzer was the founder of universal ethical philosophy and universal reality. He is best known for challenging the secular view of Jesus as depicted by historical-critical methodology present during his time in certain academic circles, as well as the traditional Christian view, depicting a Jesus Christ who saw himself as the world-saving Messiah. He won the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of "Reverence for Life". There have been several films made, portraying Albert Schweitzer and his life.

ALAN WATTS

ALAN WATTS (1915-1973)

•Alan Watts popularized and interpreted Eastern Philosophy for the Western audience.

•He also studied Chinese and was known for his Zen Buddhism.

•His reading and discussions delved into 'Vedanta'. He was also interested in cybernetics, semantics, process philosophy, natural history, and the anthropology of sexuality.

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE (1844-1900)

•He became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. His attempts to unmask the motives that underlie traditional Western religion, morality, and philosophy deeply affected generations of theologians, philosophers, psychologists, poets, novelists, and playwrights.
•He was trained in classical philology. His ideas – in comparison to their depth and relevance – developed in an extraordinarily brief time span, between 1864 and 1888. Known for his stark contrasts with friends and colleagues, Nietzsche had a life of turmoil. For the purpose of exposition, it can be divided into five phases, the three central ones coinciding with the genesis of his writings.

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