Chapter 5

Section 1

Bell Work - 12/1
Why did the British Parliament impose heavy taxes on the colonists in the 1760's?

Vocab Word: PARLIAMENT

• the legislature (law making group) in the gov. of UK
• Leader = Prime Minister
• Created in 1258 by King Henry III
• Advises the Monarch, represents the people, makes laws
• Made up of two houses...

Prime Minister: David Cameron

House of Lords

• Represents the Nobles
• Two different types of members:
• 1. Lords Spiritual (bishops in the C of E)
• 2. Lords Temporal (nobility)
• Members appointed by the Sovereign (Monarch)

House of Commons

• 650 members
• Elected by democratic vote
• Votes held at least every five years
• Prime Minister is member of this house

Palace of Westminster

• Meeting House
• I've been here!

Vocab Word: IMPOSE

• To establish or apply by authority (ex. impose a tax)
• To establish or create in a harmful, forceful way
• To force someone to accept something

Boycott:
a group''s refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies

Today

• Colonists begin to get angry with Parliament
• Read Section 1 of Chapter 5 (pages 132-135)
• Complete Handout

Bell Work Question:
What is the name of the legislative body that created the laws we read about in section 1?

Reasons Why The Colonists Were P*ssed Off

Debt!

• British won F & I War, BUT...
• Cost of war/controlling new territories was high
• British looked to the colonies to help pay costs
• Began a spiral of events that set off Revolution

Proclamation Act of 1763

• Goal - Protect N. Americans from colonial encroachment
• Colonists were unhappy
• Felt British government had too much control over colonies
• Felt that the Act limited their freedom
• British troops were stationed in colonies and in frontier

Trade Laws of 1763

• PM Grenville took action against smuggling
• Define Smuggling
• Why smuggling bad/What was smuggled?
• Vice-admiralty Courts
• Writs of Assistance

Smuggling:
The act of illegally and secretly moving something from one country to another country

The Sugar Act of 1764

• Goal: Stop molasses smuggling btw colonies and French W.Indies
• Lowered tax on imported molasses from Britain
• INCREASED taxes on foreign sugar, coffee, indigo, wine

The Stamp Act of 1765

• What was taxed?
• Parliament passed Act without colonial consent
• NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!

Protesting the Stamp Act

• V. H. of B - passed resolution
• Samuel Adams - Sons of Liberty
• Burning effigies of tax collectors
• Raided royal officials' homes

The Stamp Act Congress

• Delegates from 9 colonies met in N.Y.
• Goal: Get Parliament to repeal Act
• Urged a boycott of British goods
• Result: Parliament repeals Act in 1766

Townshend Acts of 1767

• Taxes on imported goods at port of entry
• Taxed common items that could not be produced in the colonies
• Again, colonists boycott British goods

Homework

• Read Ch. 5, Section 2
• Complete Handout
• Quiz tomorrow

Today - You Are Being Taxed!

Bell Work Question:
List some of the key events from section 2 that occurred during the late 1760s/early 1770s that brought the colonies closer to war with Britain.

Bell Work - Key Events

• 1768 - Liberty Affair
• 1770 - Boston Massacre
• 1773 - Boston Tea Party
• 1774 - Coercive/Intolerable Acts

The Boston Massacre - March 5, 1770

• Confrontation between soldiers and a group of townspeople
• Resulted in 5 dead, 6 wounded (all colonists)
• First casualty = Crispus Attucks

Spotlight on: Crispus Attucks

• Wampanoag (mother) and African (father) descent
• Former slave; employed as a dock worker
• May have been one of the leaders of the mob on March 5
• Some accounts say he threw the club that struck the first soldier
• Nevertheless, Attucks was the first to shed his blood for American freedom

Two Perspectives:

• Colonial - Paul Revere's Engraving
• British - Excerpt from article

Paul Revere's Engraving

• NOT an accurate depiction of the actual event
• Just because it is a P. Source does NOT mean it is true
• Engraving was meant to shape public opinion
• Including specific elements in his depiction
• Engraving is an example of PROPAGANDA 

Bell Work
Why did Paul Revere engrave an inaccurate depiction of the Boston Massacre?

Today

• Trial of the Redcoats
• John Adams is lawyer for their defense

Patriot

• Independence from Britain
• Own country

Loyalist

• Wanted to remain as part of British Empire

A Call to Arms

Bell Work Question:
Do you like analyzing primary sources? (Fort Necessity, Pontiac's Rebellion, Boston Massacre). Explain why or why not?

Main Idea:
Colonial leaders met in 1774 to discuss a united response to British policies. Seven months later, American and British troops met in battle for the first time.

Today

• Sequencing Information
• Read Section 3 - Complete the diagram
• List six events leading to the Battle of Bunker Hill

Today

• 15 minutes - Complete Individually
• 5 minutes - Get with a partner and compare answers
• 5 minutes - Answer closure question on bottom of handout
• Spongebob episdoe?

Closure

• Choose a side!
• Are you a Patriot, or a Loyalist?
• Use info. from pg. 145 to list your reasons

Bell Work:
What plan did Ben Franklin propose in 1754 as a way to help united the colonies against the French? Was it accepted? Why/why not?

Key Events

1. Continental Congress

• Goal = Unite colonies against British
• AND = establish a body to represent American interests
• 55 delegates met in Penn. in 1774
• Voted for more boycotts
• Called for militias

VIP's in Attendance

• Sam and John Adams (Mass.)
• Richard and Patrick Henry (Virginia)
• George Washington (Virginia)

"The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, and New Englanders are no more...I am not a Virginian, but an American." - Pat Henry

2. Militias Organize

• Militia - group of citizen soldiers
• Began to make preparations for armed conflict
• "Minutemen" - ready to fight at a minutes notice

3. British send more troops

• King declares that the colonies are in a state of rebellion
• Sends General Thomas Gage and several thousand troops to Boston
• More on the way
• Gage learns the militia are storing arms in Concord
• Orders LC Francis Smith and 700 troops to go there and destroy stuff

4. British troops are organized

• British troops make a plan 
• Begin marching to Concord on April 18, 1775
• Dr. Joseph Warren, Paul Revere, William Dawes, Sam Adams
• Warning sent to Lexington and Concord

5. Battle at Lexington and Concord

• "Shot heard round the world"
• First shot fired by minutemen
• Battle for America's independence from GB had begun
• April 19, 1775

Untitled Slide

6. Patriots Capture Fort Ticonderoga

• Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led Patriots
• Took British by surprise
• Captured the fort and its supplies
• B. Arnold would later join sides with the British
• Tried to surrender West Point to British in 1780

BUNKER HILL

• British won, but...
• Colonists made a strong impression
• War would not be quick or easy

Today

• Read Section 4 (pages 147-151)
• Complete Guided Reading Worksheet
• May work with a partner
• Quiz next Monday over sections 3 and 4