1 of 28

Slide Notes

DownloadGo Live

Fallacy Lesson 2

Published on Mar 25, 2016

No Description

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

EQUIVOCATION

WHEN PUNNY IS JUST ANOTHER WORD FOR STUPID
Photo by LauraLewis23

Polysemic words
Misleading slower compatriots

A plane is a carpenter's tool.
Boeing 737 is a plane.
Therefore Boeing 737 is the carpenter's tool.

Photo by tim caynes

Proof
Identify the word that is used twice. Point out the definition which is appropriate for one word is not for the other.

A feather is light
What is light cannot be dark
Therefore,
a feather cannot be dark

Criminal actions are illegal.
All murder trials are criminal actions.
Thus, all murder trials are illegal.

Photo by vgm8383

Margarine is better than nothing.
Nothing is better than butter.
Therefore, margarine is better than butter :3

Photo by misterbisson

RED HERRING

HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT
Photo by StuartWebster

How to confuse your enemy:
Topic a is under discussion.
Introduce topic b under the guise of being relevant.
Abandon topic a.

Photo by Great Beyond

"Sure, South Carolina is quite a distance from Maryland but it is better for our business model. And, really, who doesn't like warm weather? The weather will definitely be a plus."

Photo by lighthack

How not to fall for it
Remember what is the main and original argument. Does topic b substantiate topic A?

"I think there is great merit in making the requirements stricter for the graduate students. I recommend that you support it too. after all, we are in a budget crisis and we do not want our sALARIES AFFECTED."

"We are going go to be forced to increase the amount of your contribution o your health care costs by 10%. Do note that we continue to provide lunches for a standard cost in the cafeteria, and we know what a huge benefit that is for most workers."

GUILT BY ASSOCIATION

BECAUSE BIRDS
Photo by John-Morgan

Premise A is a b.
Premise a is also a c.
Conclusion: all b's are c's

Jon is a con artist
Jon has black hair
Therefore, all people with black hair are con artists.

All dogs have four legs
My cat has four legs
Therefore, my cat is a dog

Photo by Cente!

it's only an association
Remind yourself sharing a common trait does not make you into an exact copy!

Photo by Boyce Duprey

"The perpetrators behind the sandy hook elementary school shooting has asperger's. I better keep my children away from such people."

Photo by mikejmartelli

BEGGING THE QUESTION

GOING IN CIRCLES AND NOWHERE
Photo by @Doug88888

GOD EXISTS

BECAUSE THE BIBLE SAYS SO. AND ALSO BECAUSE IT IS WRITTEN BY GOD.
Photo by VinothChandar

Assuming the conclusion to be true in the premise does not constitute evidence for that conclusion

Photo by kevin dooley

DO YOU GET IT

Photo by Leo Reynolds

Try rearranging the premise:
The bible is written by God.
The bible says God exists.
Therefore, God exists.

Photo by kennymatic

The premise cannot include a claim that the conclusion is true!

If such actions were not illegal, they would not be prohibited by the law

Photo by noodlepie

Purpose: questioning if such acts should be prohibited (illegal)
Conclusion: they should be
Why: they are illegal

A: your resume looks good. I need another reference.
B: Jill can give you one.
A: good. How do I know that Jill is trustworthy.
B: certainly. I can vouch for her

Photo by Camil Tulcan