Fallacy Lesson 2
Published on Mar 25, 2016
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MORE DECKS TO EXPLORE
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Polysemic words
Misleading slower compatriots
Photo by Manoj Kengudelu
A plane is a carpenter's tool.
Boeing 737 is a plane.
Therefore Boeing 737 is the carpenter's tool.
Photo by tim caynes
Proof
Identify the word that is used twice. Point out the definition which is appropriate for one word is not for the other.
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A feather is light
What is light cannot be dark
Therefore,
a feather cannot be dark
Photo by Grant MacDonald
Criminal actions are illegal.
All murder trials are criminal actions.
Thus, all murder trials are illegal.
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Margarine is better than nothing.
Nothing is better than butter.
Therefore, margarine is better than butter :3
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How to confuse your enemy:
Topic a is under discussion.
Introduce topic b under the guise of being relevant.
Abandon topic a.
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"Sure, South Carolina is quite a distance from Maryland but it is better for our business model. And, really, who doesn't like warm weather? The weather will definitely be a plus."
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How not to fall for it
Remember what is the main and original argument. Does topic b substantiate topic A?
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"I think there is great merit in making the requirements stricter for the graduate students. I recommend that you support it too. after all, we are in a budget crisis and we do not want our sALARIES AFFECTED."
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"We are going go to be forced to increase the amount of your contribution o your health care costs by 10%. Do note that we continue to provide lunches for a standard cost in the cafeteria, and we know what a huge benefit that is for most workers."
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Premise A is a b.
Premise a is also a c.
Conclusion: all b's are c's
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Jon is a con artist
Jon has black hair
Therefore, all people with black hair are con artists.
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it's only an association
Remind yourself sharing a common trait does not make you into an exact copy!
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"The perpetrators behind the sandy hook elementary school shooting has asperger's. I better keep my children away from such people."
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Assuming the conclusion to be true in the premise does not constitute evidence for that conclusion
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DO YOU GET IT
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Try rearranging the premise:
The bible is written by God.
The bible says God exists.
Therefore, God exists.
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The premise cannot include a claim that the conclusion is true!
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Purpose: questioning if such acts should be prohibited (illegal)
Conclusion: they should be
Why: they are illegal
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A: your resume looks good. I need another reference.
B: Jill can give you one.
A: good. How do I know that Jill is trustworthy.
B: certainly. I can vouch for her
Photo by Camil Tulcan
