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SPLITTING THE ATOM
CAROLINE WACKER AND BROOKS GREEN
LISE MEITNER
- Born into a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878
- Earned a degree in physics from the university of Vienna in 1905
- She attended the University of Berlin and became Max Planck's assistant a year later
- This is where she met and began working with Otto Hahn
Elise)Lise Meitner
(Nov 7 1878- October 27 1968)
She was born into a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria, her dad was one of the first Jewish lawyers in Austria, so when few women received an education at this time, with the support of her parents, she got her degree in physics at the University of Vienna in 1905, then went on to the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin and attended the lectures of Max Planck who had rejected any woman attending his lectures until then, after a year she became planks assistant and work with chemist Otto Hahn
(Nov 7 1878- October 27 1968)
She was born into a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria, her dad was one of the first Jewish lawyers in Austria, so when few women received an education at this time, with the support of her parents, she got her degree in physics at the University of Vienna in 1905, then went on to the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin and attended the lectures of Max Planck who had rejected any woman attending his lectures until then, after a year she became planks assistant and work with chemist Otto Hahn
OTTO HAHN
- Born March 8, 1879 in Frankfurt, Germany
- He preformed small experiments in his home when he was young
- He received a degree in organic chemistry from the University of Munich
- Worked under Sir Ramsey in 1904 before working under Ernest Rutherford at McGill university in Montreal, Canada
- He returned to Germany and worked at the University of Berlin
Otto Hahn- (march 8 of 1879-July 28, 1968 ) he was born in Frankfurt, Germany and he had always had a love for chemistry and even carried out small experiments in his home when he was a young boy. He studied chemistry and mineralogy at the University of Marburg, but received his organic chemistry degree at the University of Munich. He served one year in the German military, then worked at the University College London under Sir William Ramsey in 1904. There he discovered Thorium-228. Hahn then worked under Ernest Rutherford at McGill university in Montreal, Canada, where he discovered more isotopes like: polonium-212, lead-210, and thorium-227. He then returned to Germany where he worked with Emil Fischer at the University of Berlin and discovered mesothorium and thorium-230. He then met and began work with Lise Meitner as well as married Edith Junghans.
HAHN-MEITNER
- Together they discovered many isotopes and Meitner was awarded the Leibniz metal by the Berlin Academy of Sciences
- Meitner worked under Hahn until she was given her own physics section at the University of Berlin
- She became the first woman to be a professor at the University of Berlin, and then took over as the head of the physics department
she worked under Hahn without pay until the university recognized her as his partner over a year later. They discovered the first isotope of protactinium and for that she was awarded the Leibniz metal by the Berlin Academy of Sciences, she was then given her own physics section at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for chemistry. She discovered the Auger effect in 1922 but it was named after a French scientist Pierre Victor Auger who discovered it independently in 1923. She became the first woman in Germany to become full professor in physics at the University of Berlin, she also then became the head of the physics department.
NAZI IMPACT
- Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and, as an effect, he forced Meitner to flee to Sweden where she began working with her nephew, Otto Frisch
- Meanwhile, in Germany Hahn recruited Fritz Strassmann to work under him as his assistant, where they discovered a number of isotopes
When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Meitner tried to stay in Austria and focus on work but she was forced to flee to Sweden there she worked with Niels Bohr and her nephew Otto Frisch, but still regularly communicated with Hahn. After Meitner fled, Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann
FRITZ STRASSMANN
- Born in Boppard, Germany on February 22, 1902
- He earned his PhD in chemistry from the Technical University in Hanover.
- He then worked at the University of Berlin under Hahn
Fritz Strassmann-
Born in Boppard, Germany on February 22 1902. He earned his PhD in chemistry at the technical University in Hanover. From there he work at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for chemistry in Berlin. This is where he met Otto Hahn and began as his assistant
Born in Boppard, Germany on February 22 1902. He earned his PhD in chemistry at the technical University in Hanover. From there he work at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for chemistry in Berlin. This is where he met Otto Hahn and began as his assistant
NUCLEAR FISSION
- Hahn and Fritz discovered a change in uranium after the element was bombarded with neutrons, it becoming lighter with much less mass
- They sent this data to Meitner and her nephew who recognized it as nuclear fission. They stated that the neutrons split the nucleus, forming the lighter elements: barium and krypton, as well as released some neutrons and a large amount of energy. They used Einstein's E=mc^2 to explain the conversion of mass to kinetic energy
- This concluded that the atom could be divided into multiple parts
collected data showing that after being bombarded with neutrons, the uranium atom formed barium and krypton, as well as ejected some neutrons and a large amount of energy (explaining the loss in mass). It was Meitner though and her nephew who recognized this as nuclear fission and proved it theoretically. Saying that Einstein's equation of e=mc^2 explained the conversion of uranium into the Kinetic energy produced. They concluded that a nucleus could be split into smaller parts, provoking the idea of an atomic bomb.
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AFTER THE WAR
- Meitner: once the atom was proven it could be divided, a race began to make the atomic bomb. Meitner was given many offers but she refused to help build any bomb. She remained friends with Hahn and visited him in Germany many times. She retired in Cambridge, England where she died a heart attack on October 27, 1968 at 89 years old.
After the war:
Meitner refused all later offers to work on a bomb. Meitner remained friends with Hahn and she even visited him in Germany many times. She retired in Cambridge, England where she died from a heart attack on October 27 1968 at the age of 89.
Meitner refused all later offers to work on a bomb. Meitner remained friends with Hahn and she even visited him in Germany many times. She retired in Cambridge, England where she died from a heart attack on October 27 1968 at the age of 89.
AFTER THE WAR
- Hahn: he also received offers to work with atomic bombs but he too turned them down. Both Hahn and Strassmann were suspected of working with the Nazis. They were arrested before being cleared and released two months later. He went on to become the founder of the Max Planck society. He died on July 28, 1968 in Germany form natural causes.
- Strassmann: he founded the Institute for Nuclear Chemistry. He died of old age in Germany on April 22, 1980.
After the war Hahn also received offers to work with the atomic bomb but declined them all. He was he was suspected I'm working with Nazis it was taken into custody until he was cleared and released. He then founded the Max Planck society. He died from natural causes in Germany on April 22, 1980.
After the war Strassmann founded the institute for nuclear chemistry. He also was arrested along with Hahn for being suspected of working for Nazis during World War II. He died in Germany of natural causes on April 22, 1980.
After the war Strassmann founded the institute for nuclear chemistry. He also was arrested along with Hahn for being suspected of working for Nazis during World War II. He died in Germany of natural causes on April 22, 1980.
MEITNER'S AWARDS
- She was awarded the Max Planck medal of the German physical society in 1949. She was also awarded the Otto Hahn prize of the German Chemical Society in 1935. In 1997, Element 109 (meitnerium) was named after her. She was elected a foreign member of the Royal Society in 1955. She was elected a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of arts and sciences in 1960. Meitner was the first female in the scientific class of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Meitner, Hahn, and Strassmann were all awarded the Enrico Fermi award.
Meitner-
She was awarded the Max Planck medal of the German physical society in 1949.
She was also awarded the Otto Hahn prize of the German chemical Society in 1935.
In 1997, Element 109 (meitnerium) was named after her.
She was elected a foreign member of the royal society in 1955
She was elected a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of arts and sciences in 1960
Meitner was also the first female in the scientific class of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
She was awarded the Max Planck medal of the German physical society in 1949.
She was also awarded the Otto Hahn prize of the German chemical Society in 1935.
In 1997, Element 109 (meitnerium) was named after her.
She was elected a foreign member of the royal society in 1955
She was elected a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of arts and sciences in 1960
Meitner was also the first female in the scientific class of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
HAHN'S AWARDS
- In 1945, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded Otto Hahn the Nobel peace prize in chemistry for the discovery of fission of heavy atomic nuclei. Many people believe Meitner was unfairly excluded from the Nobel peace prize because she was a woman, despite Hahn submitting her name to the Nobel prize committee multiple times. The gold-medal of the Pontifical Academy of science was awarded to him from Pope John the 23rd in 1957. He was elected a foreign member of the royal society in 1957
Otto Hahn- many awards including
In 1945 the royal Swedish Academy of science is awarded Otto Hahn the Nobel peace prize in chemistry for the discovery of fission of heavy atomic nuclei. Although many people believed Meitner was unfairly excluded from the Nobel peace prize because she was a woman. Despite Hahn submitting her name to the Nobel prize committee multiple times.
The gold-medal of the Pontifical Academy of science is from Pope John the 23rd in 1957
Elected a foreign member of the royal society in 1957
1st and 2nd class iron cross in 1915
In 1945 the royal Swedish Academy of science is awarded Otto Hahn the Nobel peace prize in chemistry for the discovery of fission of heavy atomic nuclei. Although many people believed Meitner was unfairly excluded from the Nobel peace prize because she was a woman. Despite Hahn submitting her name to the Nobel prize committee multiple times.
The gold-medal of the Pontifical Academy of science is from Pope John the 23rd in 1957
Elected a foreign member of the royal society in 1957
1st and 2nd class iron cross in 1915
