ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

OB

LEVEL OF OB ANAYLYSIS

OPPORTUNITIES OF OB CONCEPT

• RESPONDING TO GLOBALIZATION.
• INCREASED FOREIGN ASSIGNMENT.
• WORKING WITH PEOPLE OF DIVERSE CULTURE.
• GUIDANCE IN CREATING AN ETHICALLY HEALTHY WORK CLIMATE.
• SPECIFIC INSIGHTS TO IMPROVE MANAGER`S PEOPLE SKILLS.

CHALLENGES

• LARGE RANGE OF CULTURES, RACES AND ETHNIC GROUPS OF WORKERS.
• GROWING NUMBER OF WOMEN AT WORKPLACES.
• OLD AGE OF EMPLOYEES.
• GLOBAL AND INTENSE COMPETITION.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

6 ELEMENTS TO STRUCTURE AN ORGANISATION

• WORK SPECIALIZATION.
• DEPARTMENTALIZATION.
• CHAIN OF COMMANDS.
• SPAN OF CONTROL.
• CENTRALIZATION & DECENTRALIZATION.
• FORMALIZATION.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

• SIMPLE(flat & flexible) - low degree of departments and controlled by single authority.
• BUREAUCRACY(standardized & strict)- highly routine operating task through specialization with formalized rules & centralized authority.
• MATRIX- combines functional & product departmentalization. (decentralized)

EFFECTS OF ORG"L STRUCTURE ON BEHAVIOUR

• SHAPENS EMPLOYEES ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR AT WORK.
• FACILITATES AND MOTIVATES THEM TO HIGHER PERFORNAMCE LEVEL.
• REDUCES AMBIGUITY.
• CLARIFIES RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYERS.
• CONTROLS AND LIMITS WORKERS INITIATIVES.

COMMUNICATION PROCESS

COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

• SENDER.
• ENCODING.
• MESSAGE.
• CHANNEL.
• DECODE.
• RECCEIVER.
• NOISE
• FEEDBACK

COMMUNICATION DIRECTION

• DOWNWARD -communication flow from top level to lower level of a group/ organization. (e.g.managers to subordinate)
• UPWARD -flow of communication from lower to higher level of organization. (subordinates to managers)
• LATERAL - communication flow among members/managers of the same level of work group.

COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

• FORMAL: medium through which professional related messages are transmitted.
• INFORMAL: medium through which personal and social messages are transmitted. (e.g. grapevine)

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

• SELECTIVE PERCEPTION & VIEW POINT.
• LANGUAGE AND CULTURE DIFFERENCES.
• USE OF TECHNICAL JARGON.
• EXPECTATION & PREJUDICE.
• EMOTIONAL BARRIERS

OVERCOMING DIFFERENCES DURING COMMUNICATION

• ASSUME DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE UNTIL SIMILARITY IS PROVEN.
• BE A GOOD LISTENER.
• PRACTICE AND SHOW EMPATHY.
• EMPHASIZE ON DESCRIPTION INSTEAD OF EVALUATION
• ENCOURAGE FEEDBACK AFTER COMMUNICATION.

THANK YOU!

Robbins S. P. & Judge T. A. 2009. Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 10TH Edition