Renaissance Art

Renaissance Painting

• Italy established as the main painting producer with three schools:Rome, Florence and Venice. The paintings were initially in tempera or fresco, oil was introduced later.
• Low countries like Netherlands contribute with oil paintings mainly, enabling painters to introduce more details as the oil dries slower.

Early Renaissance. Renaissance painting

• Early Renaissance (1400-1460): During that time authors experienced with perspective and eliminate the "halo" characteristic of the Gothic painting. In Italy 1) Masaccio: Brancacci Chapel frecos(1426. Florence). 2) Mantegna, Piero della Francesca, Paulo Ucello,... In Low Countries Jan van Eyck is essential in Flemish paint. Arnolfini marriage (1434) his most famous paint.

High renaissance. renaissance painting

• Hight Renaissance: Dürer in Germany,innovating with a linear painting and using engraving.The Rinhoceros(1515) . In Italy 1) Sandro Boticelli. The birth of the venus ( 1480) 2) Leonardo: introduced the pyramid composition:The last supper (1498), the Mona Lisa(1517):challenging the portrait technique known in Italy at the time.

High Renaissance. renaissance painting

• 3)Michel Angelo also sculptor painted the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel ( The Vatican) highlighting the Creation of Adam (1511) and the Last Judgement (1536-41). 4) Raphael depicted numerous religious paintings. Madonna of the Pinks (1507). Murals of the Apostolic Chapel ( School of Athens (1508-14).

Late Renaissance. Renaissance Painting.

• Titian ( Tiziano Vecellio 1478-1576) the master of colour. He adapted his colour from brilliant characteristic of the venetian high renaissance school to the dark and chiaroscuro characteristic for the barroque painting. Venus and organist and dog (1550), is a good example of the evolution.

Late Renaissance. Renaissance painting.

• Tintoretto, for some authors is considered a manierist artist. He used light-on-dark technique and strong scultural effect in his creations. See The Crucifixion.Scuola di San Rocco ( 1565).

Manierism.Renaissance painting

• manierism continues to be subject of debate among art historians. Is an inbalanced,restless composition and incongruous use of colours with an inchoherent handingo fo time and space.
• Parmigiano. The Madonna of the long neck(1534-40), Jacomo Pontormo. Entombment(1528),El Greco.Burial of the Count of Orgaz(1586)

Renaissance Sculpture

• Some painting techniques were translated to sculpture like the pyramid structure. Experiments with materials like gold,bronze casting ( using the Greek lost wax technique)and marble depicted important characters for the time like condottieri or popes or represented religious or mythology scenes.

Early Renaissance. Renaissance Sculpture

• Early Renaissance with the experiment of the volume are the masterpieces of Ghiberti in the Florence Bapistery(1425-52) and Donatello with an excellent evolution of the movement and portrait in his Gattemelata on horseback (1453)

High renaissance. Renaissance sculpture

• The volumes, the light inflected over the materials was experienced by Michael Angelo in the David(1503)who became the symbol of the defense of civil liberties embodied in the Republic of Florence and the Pietat(1498-99), the lamentation translated the pyramid structure of the painting to the sculpture.

Mannierism.Renaissance Sculpture

• the action and the movement was emphasized against emotion.
• Benvenuto Cellini sculpted gold and bronce. Perseus with the head of the medusa (1545)shows his dominium of the movement.more dramatic is Giambologna with the rape of the sabine women (1574-82).

Renaissance arquitecture

• Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of classical antiquity and in particular ancient Roman architecture, of which many examples remained.
• columns, pilasters and lintels, semicircular arches, hemispherical domes, niches sustituted the gothic previous style.

Quatrocento - early renaissance arquitecture

• The prime example of this is the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Florence by Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446). one of the largest churches of Florence and the parish church of the Medici. with interior decoration and sculpture by Donatello and the Laurentian Library by Michelangelo.
• Alberti aspired to recreate the glory of ancient times through architecture. His facades of the Tempio Malatestiano (Rimini, 1450) and the Church of Santa Maria Novella (Florence, 1470) are based on Roman temple fronts. His deep understanding of the principles of classical architecture are also seen in the Church of Sant'Andrea (Mantua, 1470).

High Renaissance arquitecture

• The most representative architect is Bramante (1444–1514) who expanded the applicability of classical architecture to contemporary buildings. San Pietro in Montorio (1503)with a circular plant was an imitation of the roman temples.
• Andrea Palladio (1508–1580) was the chief architect of the Venetian Republic, writing an influential treatise, I quattro libri dell'architettura (Four Books on Architecture,1570; 41.100.126.19). Due to the new demand for villas in the sixteenth century, Palladio specialized in domestic architecture.Palladio's villas are often centrally planned, drawing on Roman models of country villas. The Villa Emo (Treviso, 1559) was a working estate, while the Villa Rotonda (Vicenza, 1566–70) was an aristocratic refuge.

Manierism in Renaissance arquitecture

• Freer and more imaginative rhythms and shapes. The best known architect associated with the Mannerist style was Michelangelo (1475–1564), who is credited with inventing the giant order, a large pilaster that stretches from the bottom to the top of a façade.[12] He used this in his design for the Campidoglio in Rome.