MACROMOLECULES

CARBOHYDRATE

• A carbohydrate is a macromolecule
• A carb is made up of monomers called monosaccharides
• Monosaccharides can also be called simple sugars
• Carbs are also known as polysaccharides
• Most carb's names end with ose, because they are sugars

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• The ratio of these elements is 1:2:1

FUNCTION

• Structural support
• Energy
• The primary energy source for cells
• Sources of stored energy in cells or organisms

BROWN RICE

PASTA

LIPID

• A polymer made up of triglycerides
• Most are hydrophobic, or nonpolar
• Have fatty acid tails and a glycerol head
• Lipids are fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Lipids are also composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Lipids have more carbon and hydrogen atoms than than they do oxygen atoms
• Saturated- carbon forms a single bond with another carbon
• Unsaturated- carbon forms at least one double bond with another carbon
• Triglycerides have a glycerol head and three fatty acid tails

FUNCTION

• Long term energy storage
• Insulation
• Major component of membranes
• Protection from water loss and physical shock
• Chemical messengers (hormones)

BUTTER

VEGETABLE OIL

PROTEIN

• A polymer made up of amino acids
• The amino acids are composed of a Carboxyl and amino functional group
• Amino acids are bonded together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,oxygen, and phosphorous
• Amino acids composed of a Carboxyl and amino group

FUNCTION

• Storage- albumin
• Transport- hemoglobin
• Regulatory- hormones
• Movement- muscles
• Structural- hair, nail, and membranes

RED MEATS

HAIR

NUCLEIC ACID

• A polymer made of nucleotides
• Two types include DNA and RNA
• Nucleotides bond by dehydration synthesis
• Dehydration synthesis is the loss of water
• DNA is a double helix, RNA is single stranded

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Made up of nucleotides
• nucleotides are made up of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases
• Those bases are adenine, thymine (DNA), uracil (RNA), cytosine, and guanine
• The elements making up nucleic acids are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous

FUNCTION

• Carry genetic information for a cell
• DNA- contains instructions for making proteins
• RNA- copies the genetic information so proteins can be made

DNA

RNA