CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3

Monomer- small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
Polymer- molecule composed of many monomers

Carbohydrate- a nutrient that is a major source of energy for the body
Monosaccharide- simple sugar molecule

Lipid- fats, oils, and waxes
Nucleic acid- macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Nucleotide- subunit of which Nucleic acids are composed.
Protein- macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Amino acid- a compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end.

THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBON

• Carbon atoms have four valence electrons allowing them to form covalent bonds
• Living organisms are made up of carbon and these other elements.
• Bonds with oxygen,sulfur, hydrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen.
• One carbon atom can bond to another.
• Carbon to carbon bonds can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds.

MACROMOLECULES

• Made up of thousands or hundred thousands of smaller molecules.
• Formed by the process of polymerization.
• Monomers join together to form polymers.
• The monomers may be identical or different.
• Four major groups of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucliec acids, and protiens

CARBOHYDRATES

• Major source of energy
• They supply immediate energy for cell activities
• Plants use this for structural purposes
• The monomers in starch polymers are sugar molecules
• Organisms store sugar as complex carbs known as starches

LIPIDS

• Large, varied groups of biological molecules that are not soluble in water
• Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms
• Catogorized in fats, oils, and waxes.
• Formed when a glycerol molecules combines with fatty acids
• If at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid it is unsaturated