TRADE Trade linked settled societies and nomadic empires. The nomads sought agricultural good as well as manufactured goods for their immediate needs. Also, because of their familiarity with the land in Central Asia and mobility they also participated in long-distance trade networks.
TURKISH MILITARY EXPANSIONS In 1701, Saljuks defeated the Byzantine Empire and even held their emperor captive. Following this victory, Saljuks and other Turkish groups entered Anatolia. The peasents of Anatolia looked up at the Salijuks as liberators rather than conquerors because they greatly disliked their Byzantine overlords.
GENGHIS KHAN By 1203, he had established himself as the ruler of the Mongols, and by 1206, he was acknowledged as Genghis Khan or "universal ruler". He achieved this by using a combination of war, threat of war, and alliance. From this, he created not only a highly experienced and mobile army, but a very large one.
ORGANIZATION OF MONGOLS Khan broke up tribes and forced men of fighting age to join new military units. He chose high military and political officials based not on their social standings and family backgrounds, but their intellectual skills and loyalty to him. Most importantly, during his rule, Khan magnified the size of the otherwise small army.
MONGOLIA UNDER THE RULE OF KUBLAIN KHAN Kublain Khan was one of the most talented of the conqueror's decendents. He had great military tactics and he also took an interest in cultural matters. He was open to all religions, though he promoted Buddhisim. Khan was also well known for his generosity towards the poor and efforts to create new and improved roads.