Europe Pamphlet
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
GREAT BRITAIN
- Working two-party parliamentary democracy
- The two parties are the Liberals and Conservatives
- The working class supported the Liberals
- Liberals voted for social reforms such as unemployment benefits
FRANCE
- The Third Republic gained a republican constitution
- The new government had a predidemt and legislature made up of two houses
- The upper house, the Senate, was conservative and elected by high ranking officials
- Adult males voted for the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies.
- France failed to develop a strong parliamentary system
GERMANY
- Constitution of the new imperial Germany that Otto von Bismarck began set up two-house legislature
- Ministers of the government were responsible to the emperor
- Germany became strongest militsry and industrial power in Europe
- Conservative forces tried to thwart the movement for democracy by supporting strong foreign policy
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
- Enacted a constitution that, in theory, set up a parliamentary system with ministerial responsibility
- Francis joseph dismissed his own ministers and issued decrees, or laws when the parliament was not in session
- Empire remained troubled by conflicts among ethnic groups
- Parliament worked
- Controlled by landowners who dominated the peasants and ethnic groups
RUSSIA
- Nicholas II believed that absolute power should be preserved, but conditions were changing
- By 1900 Russia became the fourth largest producer of steel
- Socialist parties formed but government repression forced them underground
- "Bloody Sunday" caused workers throughout Russia to strike, and Nicholas II was forced to grant civil liberties and create the Duma
- By 1907 the czar already curtailed the power of the Duma and used the army and bureaucracy to rule Russia
