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how earth works

Published on Jan 02, 2016

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how earth works

Photo by Lights In The Dark
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what is special about earth?

  • geologically "alive"
  • moving air and water moderate climate system
  • only known place in Universe where life exists
Photo by Kevin M. Gill
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timothy ferris

emeritus professor, UC Berkeley
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I first became enchanted with astronomy when I was about eight when my parents gave me a book...The book began with an account of the formation of the solar system, which, although it was inaccurate, got across the essential fact that the Earth has not always been here - that it came into being at some finite point in the past and the everything here, from the birds and the fishes to the loamy soil underfoot, was once part of a star. I found this amazing, and still do.

Photo by garlandcannon
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we, and the earth, are stardust

Photo by jonathan.leung
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Periodic table

a table of the age of the universe
Photo by NCSSMphotos
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oliver sachs

"Uncle Tungsten"
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Table and Berkeley

ONLY ELEMENTS NAMED AFTER A UNIVERSITY; Cf Bk (Lr, Se)
Photo by NCSSMphotos
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No elements named after Stanford

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The major elements of Universe

  • H, He, O, Ne, N, C, Si, Mg, Fe, S
  • at time of Big Bang, 100% H and He
  • Stars have made the rest...
Photo by evoo73
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origin of solar system

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Photo by tonynetone
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daily show

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Time

  • We know RELATIVE TIME by the relationship of rocks
  • We know NUMERICAL TIME from radioactive "clocks" in rocks
Photo by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center
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why earth hosts life

Photo by Kevin M. Gill
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we sit in habitable zone

Photo by NASAblueshift
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We have plate tectonics

  • fresh rock for soil (nutrient-deprived soil eroded and recycled)
  • manages the global C cycle on million year time scales
Photo by timlewisnm
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Hutton and Time

  • starting premise: "Earth is designed to provides humans all they need"
  • observation: soil is eroding constantly from hillslopes
  • hypothesis: there must be a renewal of topography to prevent soil from disappearing and the Earth from being leveled
  • test: look for geological evidence
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Photo by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder
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The Sun

Moving Air and Water
Photo by NASA Goddard Photo and Video
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The amount that reaches the Earth’s atmosphere is 1.97 calories/(cm2x min)
= (9.15 kcal/inch2 over 12 hrs)
=0.0106354 kWh/inch2
=~1.8 h of iPhone (3G) use

Photo by VinothChandar
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tropical cyclones

Heat Engines
Photo by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center
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http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nves.sci.earth.oceancirc/global-oce...

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Human Services Provided by Ocean Circulation

  • Present interglacial climate set stage for development of agriculture and complexity of human society Climate stability is an essential component of stable agriculture and society Stable climate sets limits to what a given society must be able to deal with (diseases, water, buildings)
Photo by nosha
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Human Service Provided by Living Earth

  • Stabilization of global climate on geological time scales Helps to concentrate metal and materials of human interest (gold, silver, copper, etc) Provides fresh rock which produces nutrient rich soil
Photo by Leo Reynolds

Ronald Amundson

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