ALL ABOUT PLANTS

WHAT IS A PLANT?

• Autotrophs.
• Eukaryotes.
• Cell walls.

PLANT ADAPTATIONS FOR LAND.

• Plants must obtain water and nutrients.
• Retain water.
• Transport materials through their bodies.
• Support their bodies.
• Reproduce.

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

• Seedless.
• Low growing.
• Live in moist areas.
• Absorb their food and nutrients.
• Contain of moss, liverworts, and hornworts.

MOSSES

• Grow in cracks and tree trunks.
• Hold on to stuff by rhizoids.

LIVERWORTS

• Lives on moist rocks in streams.

HORNWORTS

• Live in moist soil.
• Look like a horn like structure.

SEEDLESS VASCULAR PALNTS

• Consist of ferns, club mosses, and horsetails.
• Do not produce seeds.
• Reproduce by releasing spores.

FERNS

• 12,000 species of ferns.
• They have Fronds (leaves).
• Spores are formed on the underside of fronds.

HORESETAILS

• Leaves are joined to stem.
• Have the appearance of a "horses tail".

CLUB MOSSES

• They have true stems, roots,and leaves.
• There are a few species in the world today.
• They look like the branch of a pine leaf.
• Club mosses have vascular tissue.
• They are also called ground pine and princess pine.

SEED PLANT

• Seed plants have true vascular tissue.
• They also use seeds and pollen to reproduce.

VASCULAR TISSUE:PHLOEM\XYLEM

• Phloem is the vascular tissue that moves food.
• Xylem is the vascular tissue that moves water and minerals from the soil.

POLLEN AND SEEDS

• Seed plants produce pollen.
• Seed plants can live almost in any environment.

SEED STRUCTURE

• The seed is a embryo.
• They have seed leaves. (Cotyledons)
• They have seed coats. (Skins)
• The seeds are surrounded by a fruit

SEED DISPERSAL

• Seeds can be dispersed by animals
• Water
• Wind
• Their parents also eject them

GERMINATION

• Germination is the sprouting of the embryo
• It begins when the seed absorbs water

ROOTS

• They anchor the plant to the ground
• Absorb water and minerals
• Store food

STEMS

• Carry substances
• Supports the plant
• Holds the leaves to the sun

LEAVES

• Capture the suns energy
• Carry out the food making process for photosynthesis

GYMNOSPERM

• Gymnosperm is a seed plant that produces naked seeds
• Have needle or scale like leaves
• Have deep growing roots

EXAMPLES OF GYMNOSPERM

• Gnetophyte
• Ginkgo
• Cycad
• Conifer
• These are types of gymnosperms

ANGOSPERM

• Produce flowers
• Like gymnosperms they produce naked seeds

EXAMPLES OF ANGOSPERMS

• Flowers
• Flowering plants

MONOCOT vs. DICOT

• Monocot has one cotyledon dicots has two
• Monocot has parallel veins in leaves dicot has branching veins
• Monocot has bundles of vascular tissue that scatters dicot's are circular
• Monocots petals are in groups of three dicots are in four or five

PLANT TROPISM

• Touch: if a vine coils around a wire it is positive thigmotropism
• Light: if plants grow towards the light it is positive phototropism.
• Gravity: if a plant grows the opposite way the gravity is pulling it is negative gravitropism