10 MUSCLES LOWER LIMB 4

abductor digiti minimi (foot)

• Origin:medial and lateral sides of the tuberosity of the calcaneus
• Insertion:lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
• Action:abducts the 5th toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal joint

biceps femoris

• Origin:long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera
• Insertion:head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia
• Action:extends the thigh, flexes the leg

extensor hallucis brevis

• Origin:superolateral surface of the calcaneus
• Insertion:dorsum of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe
• Action:extends the great toe

fibularis (peroneus) brevis

• Origin:lower one third of the lateral surface of the fibula
• Insertion:tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal
• Action:extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot

gastrocnemius

• Origin:femur; medial head: above the medial femoral condyle; lateral head: above the lateral femoral condyle
• Insertion:dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon
• Action:flexes leg; plantar flexes foot

gluteus medius

• Origin:external surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines
• Insertion:greater trochanter of the femur
• Action:abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh

gemellus, inferior

• Origin:ischial tuberosity
• Insertion:obturator internus tendon
• Action:laterally rotates the femur

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

• Origin:distal part of the anterior surface of the fibula
• Insertion:dorsum of the shaft of the 5th metatarsal bone
• Action:everts the foot

gluteus maximus

• Origin:posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
• Insertion:upper fibers: iliotibial tract; lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femur
• Action:extends the thigh; laterally rotates the femur

iliacus

• Origin:iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum
• Insertion:lesser trochanter of the femur
• Action:flexes the thigh; if the thigh is fixed it flexes the pelvis on the thigh