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Reforms And Reformers

Published on Nov 28, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

8.4 REFORMS AND REFORMERS

MADE BY JONATHAN YI AND MATTHEW RADCLIFFE

MOST SIGNIFICANT SUBJECTS

  • The Second Great Awkening
  • The Temperance Movement
  • Education
  • Women's Education
  • Collages

MOST SIGNIFICANT SUBJECTS (CONTINUED)

  • Schools for the disabled
  • Transcendentalists
  • American Writers

MOST SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE

  • Henry David Thoreau
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson
  • Horace Mann
  • Thomas Gallaudet
  • Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe

MOST SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE (CONTINUED)

  • Dorothea Dix
  • Margaret Fuller
  • Emily Dickinson

THE GREAT AWAKENING RETURNS

  • In the early 1800's, a wave of religious fervor stirred the nation
  • People called this the Second Great Awakening.
  • This started out by people having frontier camp meetings called revivals
  • People came from miles around to hear preachers like Charles Finney.
  • The Second Great Awakening increased church membership.

THE GREAT AWAKENING RETURNS (CONTINUED)

  • Encouraged many people to do missionary work.
  • Encouraged many people to take part in reform movements

THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

  • Religious leaders led war against alcohol
  • Alcohol abuse was common in the 1800's
  • Alcohol was blamed for poverty, divorce, and crime
  • Temperance crusaders used lectures and pamphlets to warn people about alcohol
  • They also used revival-style rallies to warn people about the dangers of liquor

EDUCATION

  • New England was the only place who had free elementary schools.
  • Others had to pay for school in the 1800's
  • Many reformers complained that they wanted a free public school
  • Horace Mann was the leader of the educational reform
  • Massachusetts founded the nation's first state supported school in 1839.

WOMEN'S EDUCATION

  • Most women had a limited education.
  • Parents often kept their daughters from school
  • The reason was because they had a belief
  • That a girl's job was to be a mother and wife only.
  • When girls did go to school, they only learned to play music and sew

COLLAGES

  • Dozens of collages were made during the age of the reform
  • Many collages were founded in 1820 - 1850.
  • Higher education was available to people who were previosly denied the chance
  • The first african american collage opened up in 1854
  • The first women collage opened up in 1837

SCHOOLS FOR THE DISABLED

  • Some reformers focused on teaching people who were disabled
  • Thomas Gallaudet opened the first school for the deaf
  • Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe opened the first school for the blind
  • Dorothea Dix educated prisioners in prision

TRANSCENDENTALISTS

  • Transcendentalists were people who stressed the relationship of human and nature
  • Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau were leading transcendentalists
  • Thoreau practiced his beliefs by civil disobedience.
  • He refused to follow laws that were unjust.

AMERICAN WRITERS

  • Many poets created impressive works about American subjects
  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote narritive poems like the Song of Hiawatha
  • John Greenleaf Whittier wrote a poem called Snow Bound
  • Edgar Allen Poe was a poet and a short story writer who told tales of terror that are in the world of imagination.
  • One of the most important poet of the era was Walt Whitman. He published Leaves of Grass

AMERICAN WRITERS (CONTINUED)

  • Emily Dickinson wrote simple, yet deeply emotional poetry.
  • She wrote a poem called hope.

HENRY DAVID THOREAU

  • Transcendentalist leader
  • Got put into jail by his practice of belief
  • He practiced belief by civil disobidience

RALPH WALDO EMERSON

  • Transcendentalist
  • Urged people to listen to their inner voice of conscience
  • Told people to break the bonds of prejudice

HORACE MANN

  • The leader of educational reform
  • Lawyer
  • Became the head of the Massachusetts Board of Education
  • Lengthened the school year to six months
  • Doubled teacher's salaries

THOMAS GALLAUDET

  • Developed a method to educate deaf people
  • Opened the first school for the deaf

DR. SAMUEL GRIDELY HOWE

  • Developed a method to educating blind people
  • Opened the first schoold for the blind

DOROTHEA DIX

  • Schoolteacher
  • Taught people in prision

MARGARET FULLER

  • Supported rights for women
  • Transcendentalist leader

EMILY DICKINSON

  • Best remembered woman poet
  • Wrote simple, personal, and deeply emotional poems

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