UNIT 9 VOCAB

domino theory

• Eisenhower defended the United States policy in Vietnam with the domino theory
• The belief that if Vietnam fell to communism, other nations in Southeast Asia would do the same

geneva accords

• Divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel
• Also recognized Cambodia's independence

napalm

• Jellied gasoline used for bombs
• Explodes on contact
• American planes dropped Napalm

agent orange

• Chemical defoliant used to clear Vietnamese jungles during the Vietnam war
• Stripped leaves from trees and shrubs
• Farmlands and forests were turned into wastelands

vietcong

• Ho Chi Minh and his followers created a new guerrilla army known as the Vietcong
• Their goal was to reunify North and South Vietnam

gulf of tonkin resolution

• This allowed the President to send troops into combat without the authorization of Congress

hawks

• Felt the United States should stay and fight

tet offensive

• One of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War
• Launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Vietcong

vietnamization

• Nixon's plan to end the war
• Gradual withdrawal of U.S, S. Vietnam would take no more combat roles

pentagon papers

• Secret documents about the war
• Confirmed the gov. lied about the war
• Showed plans to enter the war even though Johnson promised he would not

war powers act

• President informs Congress in 48 hours if troops sent into hostile areas without declaration of war
• May not stay for more than 90 days unless Congress approves

richard nixon

• Nominated for president on the first ballot of the Republican National Convention
• Won the presidency during the 1968 November election

my lai massacre

• U.S. troops were ordered to find Vietcong in the village
• No Vietcong were found, troops shot 200 innocent people

ho chi minh

• Ho Chi Minh and his followers created a new guerrilla army known as the Vietcong
• Their goal was the reunify North and South Vietnam

diem

• The unpopularity of South Vietnam's President Diem increased because his government was corrupt
• He discriminated against Buddhism
• Diem was overthrown and later executed
• Monks burned themselves to protest corrupt Southern government

prisoners of war

• Approximately 1,600 soldiers from the Vietnam War are still listed as Prisoners of War or Missing in Action

body counts

• More than 900 service members died on their first day in Vietnam
• 3 million Vietnamese were killed all together

kent state massacre

• Nixon invades Cambodia
• College students protested and held the nations 1st general student strike
• Kent-State students protesting the war and entrance into Cambodia

1968

• By the year's end, the numbers of U.S. troops in Vietnam had reached the all-time peak of 549,000
• The U.S. death toll for 1968 is the highest yearly total in the war's history- nearly 17,000 soldiers killed in action

counterculture movement

• The counterculture, or hippies, were mostly white youths from middle and upper class backgrounds
• Lived a life that promoted flamboyant dress, rock music, drugs, and free living

credibility gap

• Americans began to question the government and believed a credibility gap had developed
• Made it difficult to believe what the Johnson administration said about the war

haight & ashbury

• One of the most popular hippie destinations was the Haight and Ashbury district in San Francisco

hippies

• A society that was free, closer to nature
• Full of love, empathy, tolerance, and cooperation
• Rejected materialism
• Long har

doves

• Wanted the United States to withdraw from the war

king riots

• April 4th Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee
• Shock and distress over the new of his death sparked rioting in more that 100 cities around the country

draft dodger

• 1.85 million men were drafted for the Vietnam conflict
• The 26th amendment lowered the national voting age to 18 years old
• The draft age was 18 and the voting age was 21

tim leary

• An early advocate of LSD experimentation
• Taugh psychology at Harvard university
• He coined the phrase "Turn on, Tune in, and Drop out"

commune

• Group living arrangements in which members shared everything and worked together
• Were formed as hippies dropped out of society

1968 democratic convention

• Opens in Chicago
• Thousands of demonstrators protest the Vietnam War
• Violent clashes occur between protestors and police

bobby kennedy

• June 1968 Senator Robert Kennedy is shot
• Served as Senator in New York

black power solute-olympics 68

• Tommie Smith and John Carlos raise black-gloved fists during the playing of the national anthem, in protest of racism in the United States
• They were then stripped of their medals