Although individuals of a species look similar, they are not usually identical: these differences are called variation.
Inherited variation:
Variation due to genetic causes is inherited variation. For example, children usually look a little like their father, and a little like their mother, but they will not be identical to either of their parents. This is because they get half of their inherited features from each parent.
What is coeliac disease ?
It is a disease where the gluten make the immune system attack
the lining of the small intestine .
This will cause:This kind of disease will cause the small intestine to be damaged , which will make absorbing vitamins , minerals and other specific nutrient to be
hard to absorb .
There is two possible causes for this disease:
1) It can be by a genetic causes like for example if any close member of your family have this disease , you might have it too.
2) Another way is by the environment , for example if you an infection in the intestine , with time it might develop to this disease.
There is no cure for the colieac disease but to avoid it and to decrease it effect , you wight change your diet to a free gluten diet , there are a lot of supermarkets that have a special free gluten foods
The development of a child will be effected by a lots of his or her mothers activities , it could be good influences that will lead to a good development , but its also can be a very bad influences that is going to lead to a serious problem to the baby even before his birth.
Examples of biological influences :
1) Foetal alcohol syndrome . 2) Infections during pregnancy. 3) Effects of diet .
Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother's pregnancy. Fetal alcohol
syndrome causes brain damage and growth problems. The problems caused by fetal alcohol syndrome vary from child to child, but defects caused by fetal alcohol syndrome are irreversible.
Being infected by a disease during pregnancy is very dangerous and can lead to an extreme level of wrong development for the child or the baby.
Infections such as rubella and cytomegalovirus .
Rubella:
Rubella, also called German measles, is a viral infection. It’s spread through coughs and sneezes, and from a pregnant woman to her baby in the womb (uterus).
eye problems, such as cataracts (cloudy patches in the eye) damage to the brain and a very small head (microcephaly) low growth during pregnancy
heart abnormalities
deafness
It can also affect the baby’s lungs, liver and bone marrow.
Sometimes, the problems from CRS aren’t obvious straight after the birth, but become apparent when the baby is older.
water air pollution can effect the development and can be a major source of ill health .
such as :
# pollution
# Housing
# Access to recreational facilities.
# Access to health and social care services. # Bullying
and much more .
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution.
poor housing is also a very affective reason
to poor health.
Growing up inbad housing alsohas along-term impacton children's life chances.child's learning and education.Homeless children are particularly disadvantaged because of the disruption to their schooling caused by homelessness. Living in poor or overcrowded housing conditions also affect child's ability to learn,which can have a lasting impacton a childs chances of succeeding in life.
Poor housing is also more likely to mean problems such as poor lighting, non-safety glass in windows, loose rugs and poor maintenance of stairs, which may result in accidents.
poor housing like :
1) poor light.
2) Dampness and mould
3) non safe glass of windows 4) loose rugs
5) poor maintains of stairs
6) overcrowded house
It can cause :
1) Increased risk of crime in neighborhoods 2) stress from overcrowding
3) poor heating
4) pollution from nearby traffic
5) Noise from other high -density housing 6) Allergies and infections
7) poor facilities.
Bullying is when someone is being hurt either by words or actions, feels bad because of it, and has a hard time stopping what is happening to them.
Children's genetic endowments, as well as their surrounding environments, influence which children become victims, bullies and bully-victims. Future research identifying mediating characteristics that link the genetic and environmental influences to these social roles could provide targets for intervention.
The impact of low income :
being a part of poverty as a child have a really huge impact on the child , it effect its chance to have a great future by being in a school , children living in a poor area might live under a lots of pressure as having
1.less chance of traveling. 2.poor diet 3.expectation of not having a job 4.low self confident
5.less chance of having wants like phones , toys.
6.poor housing 7.more pollution 8.less access to computer and books 9.crowded house
people with low chance of education have also a low chance to be employed in the future or a chance to have a job with a very low income which is not helpful at all.
A report in July 2007 have report that people with hight income job like doctors , or lawyers are people that is living in a hight income family that provided good quality of
education which lead their child's to this high job .
Socio economic system Affects Our Society Low SES and its correlates, such as lower education, poverty and poor health, ultimately affect our society as a whole.
Society bene ts from an increased focus on the foundations of socioeconomic inequities and efforts to reduce the deep gaps in socioeconomic status in the United States and abroad.
The income and expenditure accounts is a series of accounts which provide a quarterly measure of gross domestic product and its components, derived using both the income and the expenditure methods.
Income mainly comes from: 1.Wages from employment. 2.Profit from your business if you are self-employed . 3.Benefits paid by the government. 4.Money from invested wealth, such as interest on bank accounts or bonds. Money raised through the sale of property you own.
Values: principle that we use to guide our thoughts and decisions.
The Pan-European Survey of Consumer Attitudes to Food, Nutrition and Health found that the top ve in uences on food choice were quality/ freshness , price , taste , trying to eat healthy and what my family wants to eat .
An individual who considers their diet to already be healthy is less likely to adopt additional healthy .eating practices
Being out of work means that you are living in a low income area or family .
A person could be effected too if he had a parents that have low income .
social trend showed that most of these who have low income are usually live in a low income family, it also said that children that are living in a low income families are expected to have no job or a job with low income, as there family effected them.
Some of these publications are sourced from surveys commissioned by the Health and Social Care Information Centre , while a suite of compendia publications presents a range of data on the topic from a variety of sources, as well as new analyses carried out by the HSCIC and made available in one easy-to-use source.
Being overweight is one of them and it can lead to hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, respiratory problems, sleep apnoea and endometrial, breast, prostate and colon cancer.
Factors that can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases due to nutrition are: Sedentary lifestyles, particularly sedentary occupations and inactive recreational activities such as watching television Large portion sizes A high intake of drinks containing added sugars .
Substance misuse is one of a group of linked behaviors that has recently become more common among young people in westernized societies.w1 This rise has paralleled increasing rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms and of deaths related to substance misuse.1 w1-w3 Substance use disorders are potentially treatable and should be managed as chronic, relapsing diseases of complex origin.2 This review examines the scale of these disorders among young people and how healthcare practitioners can intervene.
Alcohol:Statistical report acting as a reference point for health issues relating to alcohol use and misuse.
Drugs:Annual statistical report presenting information on drug misuse among adults and children. Including topics on Prevalence of drug misuse, including the types of drugs used; Trends in.
3.Smoking:Annual report presenting a broad picture of health issues relating to smoking in England, covering topics such as smoking prevalence, habits, behaviours and attitudes among adults and school children, smoking- related ill health and mortality and smoking-related costs.
Usually smoking and alcohol consumption rates are higher for seafarers in comparison to workers ashore.
Therefore, smoking and drinking is being seen as a way to Relieve from stress, Increase concentration, although this is a myth since the level of concentration declines with every smoke due to the increased carbon monoxide content in the blood which consequently reduces the oxygen supply to the vital organs of the body including the brain, leading to severe energy sapping lethargy.
A drug addicts behavior is closely related to the type of drug used as well as the time that the drug user took his last dose.
The following behaviors are usually related to drug addicts although the serve mainly as indicators that something more could be hidden behind someones attitude Sudden unexplained mood changes Unusual irritability and aggression Tendency to become confused Abnormal changes in concentration Poor job performance Poor timekeeping Loss of short term memory