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The Sun

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1.

WHAT IS A STAR?

  • A FIXED LUMINOUS POINT IN THE NIGHT SKY THAT IS A LARGE, REMOTE INCANDESCENT BODY LIKE THE SUN.
2.

WHAT IS AN ASTRONOMICAL UNIT?

  • A UNIT OF MEASUREMENT EQUAL TO 149.6 MILLION KILOMETERS, THE MEAN DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE EARTH TO THE CENTER OF THE SUN.
3.

WHAT IS FUSION?

  • THE PROCESS OR RESULT OF JOINING TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER TO FORM A SINGLE ENTITY.
4.

WHAT IS THE SUN?

  • THE SUN IS A STAR FOUND AT THE CENTER OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
  • It makes up around 99.86% of the Solar System's mass.
  • At around 1,392,000 kilometres (865,000 miles) wide, the Sun's diameter is about 110 times wider than Earth's.
  • Around 74% of the Sun's mass is made up of hydrogen.
5.

HOW CAN THE MASS OF THE SUN BE CALCULATED?

  • KNOWING THE MASS AND RADIUS OF THE EARTH AND THE DISTANCE OF THE EARTH FROM THE SUN, WE CAN CALCULATE THE MASS OF THE SUN (RIGHT), AGAIN BY USING THE LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION.MAR 16, 1998
6.

WHAT GASES COMPOSE THE SUN?

  • THE SUN IS A HUGE, GLOWING SPHERE OF HOT GAS.
  • MOST OF THIS GAS IS HYDROGEN (ABOUT 70%) AND HELIUM (ABOUT 28%).
7.

WHERE IS MOST OF THE ENERGY THE SUN PRODUCES FORMED?

  • THE CORE OF THE SUN IS THE REGION THAT EXTEI RADIUS.
  • IT IS HERE, IN THE CORE, WHERE ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY HYDROGEN ATOMS (H) BEING CONVERTED INTO NUCLEI OF HELIUM (HE).
  • THIS IS POSSIBLE THANKS TO THE EXTREME PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE THAT EXISTS WITHIN THE CORE, WHICH ARE ESTIMATED TO BE THE EQUIVALENT OF 250 BILLION ATMOSPHERES (25.33 TRILLION KPA) AND 15.7 MILLION KELVIN, RESPECTIVLY.
8.

WHAT LAYER OF THE SUN IS VISIBLE?

  • COMPARED TO THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO GET THROUGH THE RADIATIVE ZONE, ENERGY IS TRANSPORTED VERY QUICKLY THROUGH THE OUTER CONVECTIVE ZONE.
  • THE SUN'S VISIBLE SURFACE THE PHOTOSPHERE IS “ONLY” ABOUT 5,800 K (10,000 DEGREES F). JUST ABOVE THE PHOTOSPHERE IS A THIN LAYER CALLED THE CHROMOSPHERE.
9.

WHAT IS AND WHAT CAUSES THE AURORA BOREALIS

  • BOTTOM LINE: WHEN CHARGED PARTICLES FROM THE SUN STRIKE ATOMS IN EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, THEY CAUSE ELECTRONS IN THE ATOMS TO MOVE TO A HIGHER-ENERGY STATE.
  • WHEN THE ELECTRONS DROP BACK TO A LOWER ENERGY STATE, THEY RELEASE A PHOTON: LIGHT. THIS PROCESS CREATES THE BEAUTIFUL AURORA, OR NORTHERN LIGHTS.
10.

HOW DOES THE SUN PRODUCE ENERGY?

  • THE SUN PRODUCES ENERGY THROUGH NUCLEAR FUSION.
  • THE SUN IS A LARGE BALL OF HYDROGEN AND HELIUM UNDERGOING CONSTANT NUCLEAR FUSION, IN WHICH ATOMS OF HYDROGEN COMBINE TO FORM HELIUM AND RELEASE A LARGE QUANTITY OF ENERGY.
11.

WHAT IS EINSTEIN'S EQUATION AND WHAT DOES EACH LETTER STAND FOR?

  • E STANDS FOR THE ENERGY OF THE OBJECT IN QUESTION.
  • M STANDS FOR IT'S MASS, AND C STANDS FOR THE SPEED OF LIGHT IN VACUUM, ( WHICH IS
  • C = 2.99792458 108 M/S )

Israel Delgado