Association, UCS, UCR, NS, UCS, UCR, CS, CR

Skinner, reinforcement, punishment

Systematic desensitisation, counter conditioning, McGrath

Seligman, biological preparedness, fear of wooden blocks

Control, clear cause and effect

Pigeons, Skinner external influences, free will illusion

Ignores free will, reduces behaviour to stimulus response

Bandura

Modelling, imitation, identification, vicarious reinforcement

ARRM, attention, retention, reproduction, modtivation

Modelling, Perry & Bussey, apples and pears, selected same as same sex model

Gee and Leith, US hockey players, aggressive models, less punishment

Notel study, Williams, TV, remote Canada, more stereotyped (media), correlational

Ulrich, more likely to be criminal if exposed to criminal models you identify with

Siegel & McCormick, people w deviant attitudes seek out others w deviant attitudes

SLT doesn't take other influences into account, genetic predisposition, mass media

Objective, systematic, replicable

Info processing, inference, memory, perception, attention, problem solving

Cog. framework-organises info, shortcuts, ignores info that doesn't fit, stereotypes

Simplified, diagrammatic, MSM, WMM, amendments made

Represent processing, storage on hard drive, simulate processing, test understanding

Non-invasive imagery, PET, FMRI, enable to see rather than infer

Useful understanding of errors & biases, REBT changes cognitions and emotions

Rigorous scientific methods, fewer misleading conclusions

Diff between computers and humans, computers don't make mistakes

Overemphasis of computer models

Not generalisable outside lab, lack realism, doesn't represent human behaviour

Freud, unconscious forces

Id (immediate gratification), Superego (resolution oedipus), Ego (mediates)

Repression, regression, denial, sublimation

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Didn't rely on introspection, used case studies and observation

DeMaat study, significant improvements in symptoms

Lack validity, hard to disprove, but Fisher and Greenberg, 2500 studies

Male case studies, didn't consider diff in female and male sexuality, electra borne out of criticism

Sue and Sue, verbalising thoughts is Western behaviour, in China people would not verbalise

Maslow

Ideal self, self image, self worth, Rogers, counselling

Hagerty, hierarchy and economic growth, advance countries, higher esteem etc

Harter, teenagers, please parents --> depression

Case studies, little quantitative data, correlations e.g. no direct link for counselling 

Encouraging self-development unrealistic, pessimism 

Nevis, China - belonging more important than physiological needs, self-actualisation - giving to community

Unconditional Positive Regard

Genotype, phenotype, heredity, heritability

CNS, brain, spinal cord, PNS, somatic and autonomic, parasympathetic, sympathetic

Cerebrum 85% brain, 4 lobes, cerebral cortex

Neurotransmitters, hormones, dopamine, serotonin

Sexual selection, mutations help them survive

Reliable, valid

SSRIs, BZ's, antipsychotics, circadian rhythms and shift work

Ignored cognitive, emotional and cultural influences, real cause not identified and drugs prescribed

Evolution assumed responsible when culture has clear impact

Screening for criminality