One-Factor Experiments
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
How does an experiment increase the internal validity of a study?
What are issues to consider for different IV manipulations?
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Experimental design is the only research that contains a true independent variable that’s manipulated by the researcher.
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Gender, personality, smoking status can’t be IV’s because they are not randomly assigned.
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Manipulating independent variables allows the researcher to learn about causal relationships and increases the internal validity.
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Manipulating independent variables occurs two ways: between subjects or within subjects.
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With within subject design, each participant receives all levels of the IV...and becomes their own comparison. (Remember the implicit tests last week?)
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A problem with within subject design is order effects—the order participants receive the information effects the results.
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The presence of individual differences is a problem in between subjects experiments.
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To control, researchers do a matched design. Get two people the same and randomly assign to opposite groups.
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With within-subject experiments, you have to counterbalance to avoid the order effects. People randomly get different parts of the variable.
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For fancy experiments, you use what’s called a Latin square.
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