PRESENTATION OUTLINE
LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
January 1st, 1780- Bourbon Reforms
The Bourbon Reforms were enacted by the Spanish in Peru to limit the authority and power of the Creoles. This greatly angered the Creoles and instigated rebellion.
November 4th, 1780- Uprising led by Tupac Amaru II failed
Uprising against Bourbon reforms. On Nov. 4th, Amaru took the local Corregidor Antonio Arriaga captive, and then he was publicly executed. This revolt lasted from 1780-1782.
Apr 21, 1789- José Joquim de Silva Xavier Revolution
The 1789 revolution was one of the revolutions that took place in Brazil aginst the Portugese. When his troups were defeated he was killed and he became a martyr for the cause.
May 5, 1808- Bonaparte Monarch in Spain
Napoleon invades Spain and places his brother Joseph Bonaparte upon the Spanish throne. This causes an authority crisis in the Spanish colonies and sparks the Latin American Wars of Independence.
Dec 16, 1815- Decree of December 16, 1815
The Decree of December 16, 1815 was enacted by Don João. It made Portugal and Brazil coequal countries.
Dec 17, 1819- Independence of Gran Colombia
Gran Colombia was formally known as a Viceroyalty of New Granada given by Spanish colonial jurisdiction in South America. Gran Colombia consisted of modern day countries Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. A man, Simon Bolivar, led the independence from Spain and the Viceroyalty of New Granada and renamed it to Gran Colombia and became the President of the new country.
Jul 28, 1821- Independence of Peru
Jose de San Martin launches a sea and land campaign with his liberating forces and invades Peru. When he reaches the capital, Lima, he declares independence. Peru is officially emancipated from Spain's rule after the battle of Ayacucho on December 9, 1824.
Sep 17, 1822- Independance of Brazil
Brazil's independance from Portugal was proclaimed by Dom Pedro on September 17, 1822. Many Brazilians were happy with this outcome as it was mostly peaceful and they were removed from under the Portuguese monarchy. Brazil now became an empire, and their first emperor was Pedro I.
Aug 6, 1824- Peruvian Independence from the Spanish
Peruvian independanceassured with the Spaniard's defeat at the battle of Juanin (Aug. 6th, 1824) and Ayacucho (Dec. 9th 1824).
Aug 25, 1825- Independence of Uruguay
Juan Antonio Lavalleja, the head of the patriots called the "treinta y tres oreintales" announced a declaration of independence from Brazil.
Jun 3, 1828- Gran Colombia-Peru War
The war between Gran Colombia and Peru happened in 1828 and ended on February 28, 1829. The war was over disputed territory that was there before independence of Spain to which side owns the land.
Aug 1, 1828- Dictatorship of Gran Colombia
In August, Simon Bolivar assume dictatorship over Gran Colombia and tried implmenting a new constitution. He did this to control the instablities and revolts along with controling the people of Gran Colombia.
Aug 27, 1828- Treaty of Montevideo
This treaty was fostered by the United Kingdom, and was what put an end to the 500 day war between Argentina and Brazil. This was the war that directly follwed the declaration of independence.
Nov 19, 1831- The destablishment of Gran Colombia
In 1830, the president Simon Bolivar resigned from power. There were instablities and revolts in Gran Colombia, which a year later the country came apart. The succession of Venezuela and Ecuador in 1830 made a big contribute to disband of Gran Colombia
Oct 1, 1838- The Great War "Guerra Grande"
This was a civil war in Uruguay which was a series of conflicts between the Colorado Party and the National Party. These battles lasted a total of nine years, and were fought with guerilla warfare.
Feb 14, 1879- War of the Pacific
This war was fought by Chile against Bolivia and Peru. It was a result of a territorial dispute over the rich nitrate deposits. Chile won, and the war ended when the Treaty of Ancon (1883) was signed and a truce was made between Chile and Bolivia (1884).
May 13, 1888- Abolition of Slavery in Brazil
Slavery in Brazil was abolished on May 13, 1888. This is an important event because Brazil beacme a republic a year later and it had a lot to do with the enlightenment ideals Brazil focused on.
Nov 15, 1889- Republic of Brazil
Brazil became a republic on November 15, 1889. They removed themselves from the monarchy system mainly because of the poor leadership by their emperors. Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca was the man who established the republic.
Feb 24, 1891- New Brazilian Constitution
After Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca established a republic in order to seperate the powers of the chuch and state, he created a new constitution to combine elements of federal, democratic and republic forms of government.
