Northern Renaissance

Printing Revolution

• Johann Gutenberg
• printing press w/ movable type
• Bible in the vernacular
• More readers = more knowledge

Artists

• Flanders (Northern France, Netherlands, Belgium)
• Spread south to France, Germany, Spain, and England

Jan van Eyck

• Townspeople and religious figures
• rich, realistic details

Pieter Bruegel

• peasant life
• religious scenes w/ commoners in background

Peter Paul Rubens

• mythology
• Bible
• Classics

Albrecht Durer

• LdV of the North
• traveled to Italy
• engravings to make prints

Northern Humanists and writers

• the vernacular
• stressed education and classics
• hoped for religious and moral reform

Erasmus

• Dutch priest
• pursued printing Bible in the vernacular

Sir Thomas More

• utopia
• social reform:  no idleness
• all educated, justice to end crime
• peaceful harmony between men/women

William Shakespeare

• "not of an age, but for all time"
• complexity of the individual
• vernacular
• Globe theater:  for all classes