UNit 11

Things to know about ACids

• They have a pH lower than 7
• Acids turn blue litmus red
• react with active metals to form salt and hydrogen gas
• according to Arrhenius acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution
• Bronsted and lowry say Acid is a hydrogen donor

Things to know about bases

• Bases have a pH higher than 7
• Bases turn red litmus blue
• Bases feel slippery 
•  Arrhenius bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-)when dissolved in water
• Bronsted- Lowry bases are hydroogen acceptors

Amphoterism

• A substance that can be an acid or base
• Some amphoteric substances are
• H2O
• HCO3 -1
• H2PO4 -1

pH Concept

• pH stands for powers of hydrogen
• The pH scale goes from 0-14
• pH 0 = strongly acidic
• pH 14 = strongly basic
• pH 7 = nuetral 

Finding pH

• pH=-log[H+]   pOH=-log[OH-]   pH+pOH=14            
• Given a pH problem you would use the formula  
• You would then plug in your [H+] in your calculator
• Now solve in your caluculator
• [H+} = hydrogen ion concentration