Adjective and Adverb Comparison

Adjective

• adjectives describe a noun
• In Latin, there are 1/2 adjectives and 3rd declension adjectives
• In fact, the endings are almost the same as nouns
• 1/2 declension have endings like -us, -a, -um
• 3rd declension adjectives have endings like -is, -is, -e

aDJECTIVES coNTINUES

• THEY HAVE 3 USES- POSITIVE, COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
• Positive= dictionary entry
• Comparative= they are more "sweeter" 
• Superlative= ___est, very ____. or most ___

Comparative Degree

• stem+ior+ 3rd declension endings
• Like this! Brevior and Tristior
• When comparing to a noun, make sure it has the correct endings
• These are translated as ...braver, better, and/or faster

Superlative Degree

• stem+-issimus, -a, -um and is translated as the "best" or "super"
• example would be brevis to brevissimus
• IF STEM ENDS WITH "R" or "L", DOUBLE THE LETTER
• pulcer----pulcherrium
• simil---simillimus

aDJECTIVE irregular

• bonus---melior---optimus is good, better, best
• malus---peior---pessimus is bad, worse, worst
• magnus---maior---maximus is big, bigger, biggest
• parvus---minor---minimus is small, smaller, smallest
• multus---plus---plurimus is much, more, very much

Adverbs

• adverbs describe a verb
• most are formed right by adjectives
• laetus, the adjective meaning happy can go to laete, meaning happily
• In fact, we can also compare adverbs forms 
• Positive, comparative and superlative

PoSITIVE DEGREE FOR ADVERBS

• add -e to the stem 
• lentus---lente
• longus---longe
• 3RD DECLENSION ADD -ITER or STEM ENDS IN -NT ADD -NTER
• gravis---graviter and/or prudens---prudenter

Comparative Degree for Adverbs

• drop the -e/ -iter from the positive degree and add -ius
• breviter---brevius
• translated as more ____

Superlative Degree for adverbs

• drop the -ius from the comparative degree and add -issime
• clarus----clarissime
• celer---celerissime
• if "quam" is put before the adverb, it is translated "as ___ as possible
• without "quam", it is translated as most ___ly

aDVERBS IRREGULAR

• bonus---bene, optimus---optime
• malus---male, pessimus---pessime
• there are many more adverb irregulars but those are the most common

Adjectives and Adverbs are used all the time in literature. Therefore, by learning the different degrees and ways of forming them, it makes writing and translating a lot easier!