In an era of increased accountability, the role of the principal has evolved from that of a manager to an instructional leader (Hargraves, Moore, & Manning, 2001).
A body of research shows principals have a significant influence on improving student achievement (Hallinger & Leithwood, 1996; The Wallace Foundation, 2013).
As instructional leader, the principal is responsible for behaviors and responsibilities that will lead to improved student achievement. (Marzano, Waters & McNulty, 2005; Shen, 2005).
