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Slide Notes

Effects of Immobilization:
Muscular system-->
Decreased muscle strength and endurance
Atrophy
Loss of joint mobility
Skeletal system
Bone demineralization
Negative calcium balance
Cardiovascular system
Orthostatic intolerance
Increased workload of the heart
Thrombus formation

Respiratory system
Decreased respiratory effort
Reduction in normal movement of secretions

Gastrointestinal system
Decreased mobility of the bowel
Risk for aspiration

Renal system
Renal statis
Hypercalcemia (renal calculi)
Metabolism
Decreased metabolic rate
Decreased production of stress hormones

Integumentary system
Decreased circulation and pressure leading to decreased healing capacity
Risk for ischemia and damage

Urinary system
Alteration of gravitational force
Difficulty voiding in supine position
Urinary retention
Impaired ureteral peristalsis

Copy of The Hazards of Immobility

Published on Nov 18, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

The Hazards of Immobility

Chapter 33 Musculoskeletal
Effects of Immobilization:
Muscular system-->
Decreased muscle strength and endurance
Atrophy
Loss of joint mobility
Skeletal system
Bone demineralization
Negative calcium balance
Cardiovascular system
Orthostatic intolerance
Increased workload of the heart
Thrombus formation

Respiratory system
Decreased respiratory effort
Reduction in normal movement of secretions

Gastrointestinal system
Decreased mobility of the bowel
Risk for aspiration

Renal system
Renal statis
Hypercalcemia (renal calculi)
Metabolism
Decreased metabolic rate
Decreased production of stress hormones

Integumentary system
Decreased circulation and pressure leading to decreased healing capacity
Risk for ischemia and damage

Urinary system
Alteration of gravitational force
Difficulty voiding in supine position
Urinary retention
Impaired ureteral peristalsis
Photo by Great Beyond

Trauma

Leading cause of death over 1 year of age
Trauma is leading cause of death in children older than 1 year
Aspects of injury are affected by the developmental stage of child
Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in children 1 to19 years.


Page 1239

Think Why

congenital Disease vs. Degenerative Disease
Page 1242 " Causes of Immobilization"

Degenerative

think about the effects on their body
Box 33.1 Behavioral Changes in Immobilized Children
Photo by Sheila Steele

Infection

how can that cause immobility?
https://youtu.be/wsNz2q2vm-Q
^^^
This is a great Oral History record of Polio from Boston Children's. It was really eye opening for me.

injury

no one thinks it will happen until it does...
Emergency Assessment:
ABCs, level of consciousness
Spinal cord injury immobilization
EMS/BLS/ALS
Control bleeding
Systematic “head-to-toe” assessment
Primary survey
Secondary survey

Sports Injury

the nurse's role in assessment...

Contusion

More than a bruise...explosion into the soft Tissue
Photo by A.Currell

crush injuries

these injuries can damage multiple systems in the body at one time
Photo by Dystopos

Sprains

See Box 33.8 Classification of Sprains.
Photo by Foxtongue

Fracture

hairline and up...
Photo by Erik Charlton

Fracture

what does it do to the body?
Generalized swelling
Pain or tenderness
Diminished functional use
May have bruising, severe muscular rigidity, crepitus
Diagnostic Evaluation—x-ray is the most useful diagnostic tool
Therapeutic management goals

Pain and point of tenderness
Pulse—distal to the fracture site
Pallor
Paresthesia—sensation distal to the fracture site
Paralysis—movement distal to the fracture site
Photo by Enthuan

Epiphyseal Injury

weakest point of a long bone
Photo by gregor_y

damage to the growth plate

can permanently affect growth
Photo by Dunechaser

Compartment Syndrome

Permanent Damage in 4-6 hours
Assess for the 5 P's:
Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, parasthesia, paralysis

Remove Bandage Immediately! Allow for free blood flow to the blood vessels. If not caught quickly enough you may have to have a FASCIOTOMY. (page 1265)
Photo by abbilder

Let's talk about traction

and also counter traction...
page 1254 box: 33.2

Manual, Skin, Skeletal Traction
Photo by isafmedia

Let me see your Halo..

Cervical Traction
Photo by cindy47452

not the kind of distraction

we are talking about
Distraction: Separating Opposing Bone to encourage generation of NEW BONE in the created space.

Page 1255
Photo by birgerking

amputation

why do we do this?
Photo by Travis S.

Torticollis

Page 1274
Photo by Adam Melancon

Barlow

What about MR. Barlow? He has a maneuever as well...
Photo by Kacper Gunia

Pavlik harness

Newborn to 6 months
Prevents Hip Extension and Adduction

Page 1281
Photo by mliu92

Spica Cast

all the way up the trunk
6 months to 24 months

Surgical reduction is recommended and the spica cast is used for usually about 12 weeks.

Club Foot

Get ready for some Latin!
Photo by Wen-Yan King

Different Degrees

  • Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
  • 1-1,000 births
  • If can not be corrected with splinting, surgery may be required.
Photo by lentina_x

Prostethics

we've come a long way
Photo by MuseumWales

can't fix?

replace...

osteogenesis

imperfecta
Photo by nickwheeleroz

curvature of the spine

the nurse's role...
Photo by estonia76

Bone Infection

osteomyELitis
Photo by euthman

no using your limb

until the infection is healed silly.

Arthritis

How is septic ARTHRITIS NOT A BONE INFECTION HMMMM?

Sarcoma

and bone loving Cancer

Juvenile Arthritis

How can that Be
Photo by Zanthia

Lupus

more than "auto immune thing..."

remember

Healthy Bodies move-be a good role model!

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Hannah Cilli

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